How to format your references using the Large-scale Assessments in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Large-scale Assessments in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tomasz, A. (2006). Microbiology. Weapons of microbial drug resistance abound in soil flora. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5759), 342–343.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sachs, M. S., & Geballe, A. P. (2002). Biochemistry. Sense and sensitivity--controlling the ribosome. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5588), 1820–1821.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karl, M., Nowak, B., & Gasenzer, T. (2013). Tuning universality far from equilibrium. Scientific reports, 3, 2394.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ruz, J. J., Tamayo, J., Pini, V., Kosaka, P. M., & Calleja, M. (2014). Physics of nanomechanical spectrometry of viruses. Scientific reports, 4, 6051.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benslama, M., Boucenna, M. L., & Batatia, H. (2015). Ad Hoc Networks Telecommunications and Game Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Norton, C. J., & Braun, D. R. (Eds.). (2011). Asian Paleoanthropology: From Africa to China and Beyond. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Rummler, G. A., & Ramias, A. J. (2010). A Framework for Defining and Designing the Structure of Work. In J. V. Brocke & M. Rosemann (Eds.), Handbook on Business Process Management 1: Introduction, Methods, and Information Systems (pp. 83–106). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Large-scale Assessments in Education.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, October 3). Warning Of “1 in 100” San Andreas Fault Earthquake Prompts Concerns. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Air Force Technology Development Underway Throughout the Aerospace Industry (No. B-179665). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bowles, A. (2012). The development of a standard of care for competency to stand trial evaluations (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus, S. (2016, October 14). Trump’s Boasts Shake Women Out of Silence. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tomasz 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Sachs and Geballe 2002; Tomasz 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sachs and Geballe 2002)
Three or more authors: (Ruz et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Large-scale Assessments in Education
Abbreviation	Large Scale Assess. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2196-0739
Scope