How to format your references using the Large-scale Assessments in Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Large-scale Assessments in Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith, G. (2011). Willard Boyle (1924-2011). Nature, 474(7349), 37.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bensinger, S. J., & Tontonoz, P. (2008). Integration of metabolism and inflammation by lipid-activated nuclear receptors. Nature, 454(7203), 470–477.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bortnik, J., Thorne, R. M., & Meredith, N. P. (2008). The unexpected origin of plasmaspheric hiss from discrete chorus emissions. Nature, 452(7183), 62–66.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Archibald, J. D., Clemens, W. A., Padian, K., Rowe, T., Macleod, N., Barrett, P. M., et al. (2010). Cretaceous extinctions: multiple causes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5981), 973; author reply 975-6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Isobe, K., Watanabe, W., & Itoh, K. (2013). Functional Imaging by Controlled Nonlinear Optical Phenomena. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lo Re, G., & Midiri, M. (Eds.). (2016). Crohn’s Disease: Radiological Features and Clinical-Surgical Correlations. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Etherington, E. J. (2016). Surrender Your Devices or Be Turned Away: Privacy Rights at the Border. In K. Haltinner, D. Sarathchandra, J. Alves-Foss, K. Chang, D. Conte de Leon, & J. Song (Eds.), Cyber Security: Second International Symposium, CSS 2015, Coeur d’Alene, ID, USA, April 7-8, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 49–56). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Large-scale Assessments in Education.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, November 24). Why It Is Useful To Understand The Role Of Genetics In Behaviour. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-it-is-useful-to-understand-the-role-of-genetics-in-behaviour/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1973). Payments for Independent Research and Development and Bid and Proposal Costs (No. B-167034). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Harrison, A. B. (2012). Knowing the familiar (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, May 12). Film Series. New York Times, p. C26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Bensinger and Tontonoz 2008; Smith 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bensinger and Tontonoz 2008)
Three or more authors: (Archibald et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Large-scale Assessments in Education
Abbreviation	Large Scale Assess. Educ.
ISSN (online)	2196-0739
Scope