How to format your references using the Languages citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Languages. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seife, C. PARTICLE PHYSICS: Elusive Particle Leaves Telltale Trace. Science 2000, 289, 527.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zucker, A.A.; Light, D. Laptop Programs for Students. Science 2009, 323, 82–85.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thorne, S.H.; Negrin, R.S.; Contag, C.H. Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Immune Cell-Viral Biotherapy. Science 2006, 311, 1780–1784.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rioual, P.; Andrieu-Ponel, V.; Rietti-Shati, M.; Battarbee, R.W.; de Beaulieu, J.L.; Cheddadi, R.; Reille, M.; Svobodova, H.; Shemesh, A. High-Resolution Record of Climate Stability in France during the Last Interglacial Period. Nature 2001, 413, 293–296.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Basener, W.F. Topology and Its Applications; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2006; ISBN 9780470067949.

An edited book

Databases in Networked Information Systems: 4th International Workshop, DNIS 2005, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan, March 28-30, 2005. Proceedings; Bhalla, S., Ed.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005; Vol. 3433; ISBN 9783540253617.

A chapter in an edited book

Prieur, C. Recent Results on Weak Dependence for Causal Sequences. Statistical Applications to Dynamical Systems. In Dependence in Probability and Statistics; Bertail, P., Soulier, P., Doukhan, P., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Statistics; Springer: New York, NY, 2006; pp. 87–104 ISBN 9780387317410.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Languages.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Large Deposit of Metal Balls Discovered In Atlantic Ocean Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/large-deposit-metal-balls-discovered-atlantic-ocean/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Student Financial Aid: Most Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants Are Awarded to Needy Students; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1992;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wenzel, A.B. Learning the Culture of Teaching: A Middle School Perspective. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University: Bloomington, IN, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O. Dosas, Big and Bigger. New York Times 2013, LI8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Languages
ISSN (online)	2226-471X
Scope