How to format your references using the Languages citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Languages. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nielsen, J. BIOENGINEERING. Yeast Cell Factories on the Horizon. Science 2015, 349, 1050–1051.

A journal article with 2 authors

Simon, J.; Greiner, M. Condensed-Matter Physics: A Duo of Graphene Mimics. Nature 2012, 483, 282–284.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohen, M.; Shavit, R.; Zalevsky, Z. Observing Optical Plasmons on a Single Nanometer Scale. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4096.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Meibom, A.; Sleep, N.H.; Chamberlain, C.P.; Coleman, R.G.; Frei, R.; Hren, M.T.; Wooden, J.L. Re-Os Isotopic Evidence for Long-Lived Heterogeneity and Equilibration Processes in the Earth’s Upper Mantle. Nature 2002, 419, 705–708.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilmshurst, L. Clinical and Educational Child Psychology; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781118440728.

An edited book

Advances in Web Intelligence: Third International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, AWIC 2005, Lodz, Poland, June 6-9, 2005. Proceedings; Szczepaniak, P.S., Kacprzyk, J., Niewiadomski, A., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005; Vol. 3528; ISBN 9783540262190.

A chapter in an edited book

Govorov, A.; Hernández Martínez, P.L.; Demir, H.V. Background Theory. In Understanding and Modeling Förster-type Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET): Introduction to FRET, Vol. 1; Hernández Martínez, P.L., Demir, H.V., Eds.; SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology; Springer: Singapore, 2016; pp. 29–40 ISBN 9789812873774.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Languages.

Blog post

Davis, J. Parasitic Beetle Mimics Ants By “Speaking” Three Different “Languages” Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/parasitic-beetle-mimics-ants-speaking-three-different-languages/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Guaranty Agency Finances; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1996;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Contreras, A.G. A Reproductive Health Program for the Latino Adolescent Community: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik, J. Back Home, Crashing on a Couch and Dreaming of Rap Greatness. New York Times 2016, C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Languages
ISSN (online)	2226-471X
Scope