How to format your references using the Languages citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Languages. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yakir, D. Global Enzymes: Sphere of Influence. Nature 2002, 416, 795.

A journal article with 2 authors

Camilli, A.; Bassler, B.L. Bacterial Small-Molecule Signaling Pathways. Science 2006, 311, 1113–1116.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hoehler, T.M.; Bebout, B.M.; Des Marais, D.J. The Role of Microbial Mats in the Production of Reduced Gases on the Early Earth. Nature 2001, 412, 324–327.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Roche, J.; Carrara, S.; Sanchez, J.; Lannelongue, J.; Loget, G.; Bouffier, L.; Fischer, P.; Kuhn, A. Wireless Powering of E-Swimmers. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6705.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoy, J. Forensic Radio Survey Techniques for Cell Site Analysis; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2015; ISBN 9781118925768.

An edited book

Saucier, R.D. Reflections on Life in Higher Education; Barnes, N.G., Folkers, K.K., Hoyt, F.B., Lindgren, L.M., Lohman, L.L., Messina, M.J., Jacobsen, S., Eds.; Palgrave Macmillan UK: London, 2016; ISBN 9781349570836.

A chapter in an edited book

Koszul, J.L. Formes Harmoniques Vectorielles Sur Les Espaces Localement Symetriques. In Geometry of Homogeneous Bounded Domains; Vesentini, E., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011; pp. 199–261 ISBN 9783642110597.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Languages.

Blog post

Luntz, S. Damselfish In Distress Adapt To Warmer Waters Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/damsel-fish-distress-adapt-warmer-waters/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Activities of the Amtrak Inspector General; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2005;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vestergaard, E.V. The Shadow in Latvian Mythological Legends: A Jungian Perspective. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute: Carpinteria, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Luongo, M.T. Capturing A City at War With Itself. New York Times 2017, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Languages
ISSN (online)	2226-471X
Scope