How to format your references using the Language in Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language in Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff, D. (2000). EARTH-MONITORING SATELLITES: Will the U.S. Bring Down the Curtain on Landsat? Science (New York, N.Y.) 288(5475):2309–11.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rowley, David B. & Currie, Brian S. (2006). Palaeo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet. Nature 439(7077):677–81.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qian, Lulu; Winfree, Erik; & Bruck, Jehoshua (2011). Neural network computation with DNA strand displacement cascades. Nature 475(7356):368–72.

A journal article with 10 or more authors

Feinberg, Adam W.; Feigel, Alex; Shevkoplyas, Sergey S.; Sheehy, Sean; Whitesides, George M.; & Parker, Kevin Kit (2007). Muscular thin films for building actuators and powering devices. Science (New York, N.Y.) 317(5843):1366–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sewell, Granville (2005). The Numerical Solution of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Catarci, Tiziana; Forner, Pamela; Hiemstra, Djoerd; Peñas, Anselmo; & Santucci, Giuseppe (eds.) (2012). Information Access Evaluation. Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Visual Analytics: Third International Conference of the CLEF Initiative, CLEF 2012, Rome, Italy, September 17-20, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Salti, Samuele; Lanza, Alessandro; & Di Stefano, Luigi (2011). Bayesian Loop for Synergistic Change Detection and Tracking. In Reinhard Koch & Fay Huang (eds.), Computer Vision – ACCV 2010 Workshops: ACCV 2010 International Workshops, Queenstown, New Zealand, November 8-9, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I, 43–53.Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language in Society.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo (2015). NASA Allegedly Conducts More Successful Tests On ‘Impossible’ EM Drive. IFLScience. Online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-allegedly-conducts-more-successfully-emdrive-tests0/; accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002). Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellites: Status, Plans, and Future Data Management Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stefanek, Andrew (2019). Quantitative Purchasing Structure for Ferrous Scrap. Doctoral dissertation. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, James (2017). After Election, More New Yorkers Are Telling Volunteer Groups, ‘I Can Help.’ New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Malakoff 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Malakoff 2000; Rowley & Currie 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rowley & Currie 2006)
Three authors: (Qian, Winfree, & Bruck 2011)
5 or more authors: (Feinberg et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language in Society
Abbreviation	Lang. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0047-4045
ISSN (online)	1469-8013
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language Sociology and Political Science