How to format your references using the Language in Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language in Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eiler, John M. (2007). Geochemistry. The oldest fossil or just another rock? Science (New York, N.Y.) 317(5841):1046–47.

A journal article with 2 authors

Laage, Damien & Hynes, James T. (2006). A molecular jump mechanism of water reorientation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311(5762):832–35.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saito, Chieko; Shinzawa, Koei; & Tsujimoto, Yoshihide (2014). Synchronized necrotic death of attached hepatocytes mediated via gap junctions. Scientific reports 4:5169.

A journal article with 10 or more authors

Hackermüller, Lucia; Hornberger, Klaus; Brezger, Björn; Zeilinger, Anton; & Arndt, Markus (2004). Decoherence of matter waves by thermal emission of radiation. Nature 427(6976):711–14.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burd, Barry (2011). Java® For Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Jiang, Shuiping (ed.) (2008). Regulatory T Cells and Clinical Application. New York, NY: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Herranz, Javier; Laguillaumie, Fabien; Libert, Benoît; & Ràfols, Carla (2012). Short Attribute-Based Signatures for Threshold Predicates. In Orr Dunkelman (ed.), Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2012: The Cryptographers’ Track at the RSA Conference 2012, San Francisco, CA, USA, February 27 – March 2, 2012. Proceedings, 51–67.Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language in Society.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen (2015). Rosetta Witnesses The Origins of Meteors. IFLScience. Online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-witnesses-origins-meteors/; accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986). Digests of Unpublished Decisions of the Comptroller General, Vol. III, No. 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zometa, Erik (2017). Imaging Service Consultations: Imaging Express. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, Linda (2017). On an Unaltered Headline, and Those Quotation Marks. New York Times A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eiler 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Eiler 2007; Laage & Hynes 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Laage & Hynes 2006)
Three authors: (Saito, Shinzawa, & Tsujimoto 2014)
5 or more authors: (Hackermüller et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language in Society
Abbreviation	Lang. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0047-4045
ISSN (online)	1469-8013
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language Sociology and Political Science