How to format your references using the Language in Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language in Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Engheta, Nader (2015). OPTICS. 150 years of Maxwell’s equations. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349(6244):136–37.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cryan, John F. & O’Leary, Olivia F. (2010). Neuroscience. A glutamate pathway to faster-acting antidepressants? Science (New York, N.Y.) 329(5994):913–14.

A journal article with 3 authors

Giustino, Feliciano; Cohen, Marvin L.; & Louie, Steven G. (2008). Small phonon contribution to the photoemission kink in the copper oxide superconductors. Nature 452(7190):975–78.

A journal article with 10 or more authors

Morris, May C.; Kaiser, Peter; Rudyak, Stanislav; Baskerville, Chris; Watson, Mark H.; & Reed, Steven I. (2003). Cks1-dependent proteasome recruitment and activation of CDC20 transcription in budding yeast. Nature 423(6943):1009–13.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fuller, Sam (2005). RapidIO®: The Embedded System Interconnect. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Grandfield, John (ed.) (2016). Light Metals 2014. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Smith, B. J. (2009). Weathering Processes and Forms. In Anthony J. Parsons & Athol D. Abrahams (eds.), Geomorphology of Desert Environments, 69–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language in Society.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, Jonathan (2015). NASA’s Upcoming Mars Rocket Completes Critical Design Review. IFLScience. Online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasas-upcoming-mars-rocket-passes-critical-design-review/; accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997). IRS Systems Security and Funding: Additional Information on Employee Browsing and Tax Systems Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Curry, Mercidee (2012). Students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship at a historically black university in central Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Erlanger, Steven; Bennhold, Katrin; & Castle, Stephen (2017). Britain’s Rebuke Of Its Leadership Upends E.U. Exit. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Engheta 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Engheta 2015; Cryan & O’Leary 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cryan & O’Leary 2010)
Three authors: (Giustino, Cohen, & Louie 2008)
5 or more authors: (Morris et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language in Society
Abbreviation	Lang. Soc.
ISSN (print)	0047-4045
ISSN (online)	1469-8013
Scope	Language and Linguistics Linguistics and Language Sociology and Political Science