How to format your references using the Language, Culture and Curriculum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language, Culture and Curriculum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lam, L. (2015). From physics to revolution and back. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6239), 1170.

A journal article with 2 authors

Messina, R., & Ben-Abdallah, P. (2013). Graphene-based photovoltaic cells for near-field thermal energy conversion. Scientific Reports, 3, 1383.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saper, C. B., Scammell, T. E., & Lu, J. (2005). Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature, 437(7063), 1257–1263.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kao, R. R., Gravenor, M. B., Baylis, M., Bostock, C. J., Chihota, C. M., Evans, J. C., Goldmann, W., Smith, A. J. A., & McLean, A. R. (2002). The potential size and duration of an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in British sheep. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5553), 332–335.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smirnov, B. M. (2011). Fundamentals of Ionized Gases. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Schuck, S., & Pereira, P. (Eds.). (2011). What Counts in Teaching Mathematics: Adding Value to Self and Content (Vol. 11). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Pollet, B. G., Staffell, I., & Adamson, K.-A. (2016). Energy Generation and Usage in South Africa. In I. Staffell & K.-A. Adamson (Eds.), The Energy Landscape in the Republic of South Africa (pp. 17–19). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language, Culture and Curriculum.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, October 13). Single Gene Variant Makes Male Worms More Attractive To Other Males. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/single-gene-variant-makes-male-nematode-worms-more-attractive-other-males/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). Air Traffic Control: Improved Cost Information Needed to Make Billion Dollar Modernization Investment Decisions (AIMD-97-20). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsu, Y.-C. (2009). A cultural psychosocial model for depression in elder care institutions: The roles of Socially Supportive Activity and self-transcendence [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, July 4). To Keep Cespedes Fit: Add Water, Stir, and Hope. New York Times, B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lam, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Lam, 2015; Messina & Ben-Abdallah, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Messina & Ben-Abdallah, 2013)
Three authors: (Saper et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Kao et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language, Culture and Curriculum
Abbreviation	Lang. Cult. Curric.
ISSN (print)	0790-8318
ISSN (online)	1747-7573
Scope	Language and Linguistics Education Linguistics and Language