How to format your references using the Language and Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language and Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wickware, P., 2000. Postdocs reject academic research. Nature 407, 429–430.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jackson, B.E., McInerney, M.J., 2002. Anaerobic microbial metabolism can proceed close to thermodynamic limits. Nature 415, 454–456.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith, J., Van Dyken, J.D., Zee, P.C., 2010. A generalization of Hamilton’s rule for the evolution of microbial cooperation. Science 328, 1700–1703.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M.A., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Rizzolatti, G., 2002. Hearing sounds, understanding actions: action representation in mirror neurons. Science 297, 846–848.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Salleh, S., Zomaya, A.Y., Olariu, S., Sanugi, B., 2005. Numerical Simulations and Case Studies Using Visual C++.Net. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Brusis, M., Ahrens, J., Wessel, M.S. (Eds.), 2016. Politics and Legitimacy in Post-Soviet Eurasia. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Fabian, M., Habala, P., Hájek, P., Montesinos, V., Zizler, V., 2011. Schauder Bases, in: Habala, P., Hájek, P., Montesinos, V., Zizler, V. (Eds.), Banach Space Theory: The Basis for Linear and Nonlinear Analysis, CMS Books in Mathematics. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 179–235.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language and Communication.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. White Dwarf Merger Is Set To Prove Supernova Theory [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. Title 6--NAD Electronic Signature (No. AIMD-94-102R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Butts, P., 2017. Green Roof Vegetable Production in Three Different Growth Media (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B., 2017. ‘Fifty Shades’ Album Soars to No. 1. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wickware, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Jackson and McInerney, 2002; Wickware, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jackson and McInerney, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Kohler et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language and Communication
Abbreviation	Lang. Commun.
ISSN (print)	0271-5309
Scope	Language and Linguistics Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology Linguistics and Language Communication