How to format your references using the Language and Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Language and Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spaldin, N., 2015. Find your most interesting question. Science 349, 110.

A journal article with 2 authors

Prescott, E.D., Julius, D., 2003. A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity. Science 300, 1284–1288.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tsuchida, T., Koga, R., Fukatsu, T., 2004. Host plant specialization governed by facultative symbiont. Science 303, 1989.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, Z., Klipfell, E., Bennett, B.J., Koeth, R., Levison, B.S., Dugar, B., Feldstein, A.E., Britt, E.B., Fu, X., Chung, Y.-M., Wu, Y., Schauer, P., Smith, J.D., Allayee, H., Tang, W.H.W., DiDonato, J.A., Lusis, A.J., Hazen, S.L., 2011. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature 472, 57–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chapman, R.J., 2012. Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Kumar, S., 2005. Managing Product Life Cycle in a Supply Chain: Context A Prescription Based on Empirical Research. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, H.-J., Seo, K.K., Lee, H.-K., Kim, J., 2016. Clinical Anatomy of the Lower Face for Filler Injection, in: Seo, K.K., Lee, H.-K., Kim, J. (Eds.), Clinical Anatomy of the Face for Filler and Botulinum Toxin Injection. Springer, Singapore, pp. 153–174.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Language and Communication.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017. 3D-Printed Pasta Folds Like Origami When Dropped In Water [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/3dprinted-pasta-folds-like-origami-when-dropped-in-water/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1980. Congressional Oversight: Reality and Reform (No. 113595). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Villegas, B., 2009. The optimization and characterization of superconducting magnesium diboride thin films (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2014. With Team Skating, it’s Now Kiss, Cry, Squeeze in. New York Times SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Spaldin, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Prescott and Julius, 2003; Spaldin, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Prescott and Julius, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Language and Communication
Abbreviation	Lang. Commun.
ISSN (print)	0271-5309
Scope	Language and Linguistics Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology Linguistics and Language Communication