How to format your references using the Landscape and Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape and Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Callaway E (2007) Dogs help sniff out genes. Nature 449:514

A journal article with 2 authors

Delaval B, Doxsey S (2008) Genetics. Dwarfism, where pericentrin gains stature. Science 319:732–733

A journal article with 3 authors

Yoshida N, Omukai K, Hernquist L (2008) Protostar formation in the early universe. Science 321:669–671

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gómez Cano AR, Cantalapiedra JL, Álvarez-Sierra MÁ, Hernández Fernández M (2014) A macroecological glance at the structure of late Miocene rodent assemblages from Southwest Europe. Sci Rep 4:6557

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chin DA (2006) Water-Quality Engineering in Natural Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Beer J (2012) Cosmogenic Radionuclides: Theory and Applications in the Terrestrial and Space Environments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Hellermann G, Mohapatra S (2015) Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In: Shapshak P, Sinnott JT, Somboonwit C, Kuhn JH (eds) Global Virology I - Identifying and Investigating Viral Diseases. Springer, New York, NY, pp 73–92

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape and Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Millions of Dog Mummies Discovered in Catacombs of Anubis. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/millions-dog-mummies-discovered-catacombs-anubis/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Coordination of Government Research and Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yang SJ (2014) Adapting Korean Cinderella Folklore as Fairy Tales for Children. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx L (2014) Making Headlines With Their Vows. New York Times ST13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Callaway 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Callaway 2007; Delaval and Doxsey 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Delaval and Doxsey 2008)
Three or more authors: (Gómez Cano et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape and Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Landsc. Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1860-1871
ISSN (online)	1860-188X
Scope	Ecology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation