How to format your references using the Landscape and Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape and Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burns CJ (2005) Chemistry. Bridging a gap in actinide chemistry. Science 309:1823–1824

A journal article with 2 authors

Vaia R, Baur J (2008) Materials science. Adaptive composites. Science 319:420–421

A journal article with 3 authors

Martens JA, Laprade L, Winston F (2004) Intergenic transcription is required to repress the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SER3 gene. Nature 429:571–574

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jäger S, Kim DY, Hultquist JF, et al (2011) Vif hijacks CBF-β to degrade APOBEC3G and promote HIV-1 infection. Nature 481:371–375

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sugirtharajah RS (2011) Exploring Postcolonial Biblical Criticism. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Klaesson J, Johansson B, Karlsson C (eds) (2013) Metropolitan Regions: Knowledge Infrastructures of the Global Economy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

O’Hearn P (2008) Tutorial on Separation Logic (Invited Tutorial). In: Gupta A, Malik S (eds) Computer Aided Verification: 20th International Conference, CAV 2008 Princeton, NJ, USA, July 7-14, 2008 Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 19–21

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape and Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Have Researchers Finally Settled The Nature Vs Nurture Debate? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/have-researchers-settled-nature-vs-nurture-debate/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) DOD’s High-Risk Areas: Efforts to Improve Supply Chain Can Be Enhanced by Linkage to Outcomes, Progress in Transforming Business Operations, and Reexamination of Logistics Governance and Strategy. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farhad K (2015) Development of a web-based educational resource on the most effective micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2008) Fresh Fare, Ready to Eat. New York Times NJ12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burns 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Burns 2005; Vaia and Baur 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vaia and Baur 2008)
Three or more authors: (Jäger et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape and Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Landsc. Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1860-1871
ISSN (online)	1860-188X
Scope	Ecology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation