How to format your references using the Landscape and Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape and Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Streicker DG (2013) Science & SciLifeLab Prize. From persistence to cross-species emergence of a viral zoonosis. Science 342:1185–1186

A journal article with 2 authors

Fukami T, Morin PJ (2003) Productivity-biodiversity relationships depend on the history of community assembly. Nature 424:423–426

A journal article with 3 authors

Grzybowski BA, Stone HA, Whitesides GM (2000) Dynamic self-assembly of magnetized, millimetre-sized objects rotating at a liquid-air interface. Nature 405:1033–1036

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Libby RT, Smith RS, Savinova OV, et al (2003) Modification of ocular defects in mouse developmental glaucoma models by tyrosinase. Science 299:1578–1581

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Denham BE (2016) Categorical Statistics for Communication Research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Vassilopoulos AP (2011) Fatigue of Fiber-reinforced Composites. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Lax PD, Terrell MS (2014) Applications of the Derivative. In: Terrell MS (ed) Calculus With Applications. Springer, New York, NY, pp 217–244

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape and Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) Cherry Concentrate Can Lower Blood Pressure As Much As Drugs, Our Study Finds. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Charter Schools: Education Could Do More to Assist Charter Schools with Applying for Discretionary Grants. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Penix-Tadsen P (2009) Marketing marginality: Resistance and commodification in contemporary Latin American cultural production. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2006) Loop Drawbridge to Try Car-Friendly Schedule. New York Times 14LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Streicker 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Fukami and Morin 2003; Streicker 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fukami and Morin 2003)
Three or more authors: (Libby et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape and Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Landsc. Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1860-1871
ISSN (online)	1860-188X
Scope	Ecology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation