How to format your references using the Landscape and Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Landscape and Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kane G (2011) Particle physics is at a turning point. Nature 480:415

A journal article with 2 authors

Kiermaier E, Sixt M (2015) IMMUNOLOGY. Fragmented communication between immune cells. Science 349:1055–1056

A journal article with 3 authors

Tilmann F, Ni J, INDEPTH III Seismic Team (2003) Seismic imaging of the downwelling Indian lithosphere beneath central Tibet. Science 300:1424–1427

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Brown WM, Cronk L, Grochow K, et al (2005) Dance reveals symmetry especially in young men. Nature 438:1148–1150

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Urick VJ Jr, Mckinney JD, Williams KJ (2015) FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROWAVE PHOTONICS. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Meesad P, Unger H, Boonkrong S (eds) (2013) The 9th International Conference on Computing and InformationTechnology (IC2IT2013): 9th-10th May 2013 King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Dede EM, Lee J, Nomura T (2014) Electromechanical System Simulation and Optimization Studies. In: Lee J, Nomura T (eds) Multiphysics Simulation: Electromechanical System Applications and Optimization. Springer, London, pp 61–187

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Landscape and Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Poll Shows 41% of American Adults Believe Antibiotics Treat Viruses. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/poll-shows-41-american-adults-believe-antibiotics-treat-viruses/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Traffic Safety: Improved Reporting and Performance Measures Would Enhance Evaluation of High-Visibility Campaigns. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kellogg A (2010) Hospital Lean and Six Sigma: Is there a financial benefit? Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B (2017) Saudi Prince Rejects Talks With Iran. New York Times A9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kane 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Kane 2011; Kiermaier and Sixt 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kiermaier and Sixt 2015)
Three or more authors: (Brown et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Landscape and Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Landsc. Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1860-1871
ISSN (online)	1860-188X
Scope	Ecology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation