How to format your references using the Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott, A., 2002, ‘Genomics: sorry, dogs - man’s got a new best friend’, Nature, 420(6917), 729.

A journal article with 2 authors

Basler, M. & Mekalanos, J.J., 2012, ‘Type 6 secretion dynamics within and between bacterial cells’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6096), 815.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whiteman, G., Hope, C. & Wadhams, P., 2013, ‘Vast costs of Arctic change’, Nature, 499(7459), 401–403.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang, J.W., Chandler, C., Stadler, M., Kampen, D. & List, B., 2008, ‘Proline-catalysed Mannich reactions of acetaldehyde’, Nature, 452(7186), 453–455.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shynk, J.J., 2016, Mathematical Foundations for Linear Circuits and Systems in Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Cheng, P.-J., Kan, M.-Y., Lam, W. & Nakov, P. (eds.), 2010, Information Retrieval Technology: 6th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference, AIRS 2010, Taipei, Taiwan, December 1-3, 2010. Proceedings, vol. 6458, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Carlson, D.L., 2012, ‘Life Among the Ruins’, in D.L. Carlson (ed.), Volunteers of America, pp. 51–67, SensePublishers, Rotterdam.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2015, Ebola Nations Declare First Week With No New Cases, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977, NASA Report May Overstate the Economic Benefits of Research and Development Spending, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chamberlain, A.D., 2014, Policy and Behavior: Essays in Applied Microeconomics – PhD thesis, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sabrina Tavernise With, 2000, For the Families, Anger Mixes With Mourning, New York Times, p. A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott 2002; Basler & Mekalanos 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Basler & Mekalanos 2012)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science
ISSN (print)	0075-6458
ISSN (online)	2071-0771
Scope