How to format your references using the Knowledge-Based Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Knowledge-Based Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

W.D. Nordhaus, Climate change. Global warming economics, Science. 294 (2001) 1283–1284.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. Robeva, R. Laubenbacher, Mathematical biology education: beyond calculus, Science. 325 (2009) 542–543.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Dhara, E.J. Mele, R. Agarwal, APPLIED OPTICS. Voltage-tunable circular photogalvanic effect in silicon nanowires, Science. 349 (2015) 726–729.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K.-Y. Chen, B. Cong, R. Wing, J. Vrebalov, S.D. Tanksley, Changes in regulation of a transcription factor lead to autogamy in cultivated tomatoes, Science. 318 (2007) 643–645.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

F. Gustafsson, Adaptive Filtering and Change Detection, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2001.

An edited book

[1]

G. Lollino, M. Arattano, M. Giardino, R. Oliveira, S. Peppoloni, eds., Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 7: Education, Professional Ethics and Public Recognition of Engineering Geology, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Rezaizadeh, E. Olson, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in: G.Y. Wu (Ed.), Pocket Handbook of GI Pharmacotherapeutics, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 45–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Knowledge-Based Systems.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Weather Forecasting Is About To Get Even Better, IFLScience. (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Customs Service Modernization: Actions Needed to Correct Serious ACE Management and Technical Weaknesses, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

N. Seevaratnam, Forecasting Optimality in Resource Utilization for Cloud Computing Systems to Maximize Quality of Service, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.J.O. Murphy, Seafood With a Scenic Distraction, New York Times. (2013) LI8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Knowledge-Based Systems
Abbreviation	Knowl. Based Syst.
ISSN (print)	0950-7051
Scope	Management Information Systems Artificial Intelligence Software Information Systems and Management

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