How to format your references using the Knowledge-Based Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Knowledge-Based Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Southwood, Research collaboration: When international partnerships go wrong, Nature 488 (2012) 451–453.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. McSweeney, P. Fromme, Crystallography: Sources of inspiration, Nature 505 (2014) 620–621.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.R. Kuhn, M. Emilio, R. Bush, Comment on “A large excess in apparent solar oblateness due to surface magnetism,” Science 324 (2009) 1143; author reply 1143.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

T. Itoh, S. Koshiba, T. Kigawa, A. Kikuchi, S. Yokoyama, T. Takenawa, Role of the ENTH domain in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding and endocytosis, Science 291 (2001) 1047–1051.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.J. Walter, Practical Compliance with the EPA Risk Management Program, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 1998.

An edited book

[1]

K.-M. Osei-Bryson, O. Ngwenyama, eds., Advances in Research Methods for Information Systems Research: Data Mining, Data Envelopment Analysis, Value Focused Thinking, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L.J. Pratt, J.A. Whitehead, Coastal Applications, in: J.A. Whitehead (Ed.), Rotating Hydraulics: Nonlinear Topographic Effects in the Ocean and Atmosphere, Springer, New York, NY, 2007: pp. 369–414.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Knowledge-Based Systems.

Blog post

[1]

A. Carpineti, The Common Ancestor Of All Life On Earth Lived In Hot Springs, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-common-ancestor-of-all-life-on-earth-lived-in-hot-springs/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Federal Depository Institution Regulators Are Making Progress, But Challenges Remain, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.W. Woodworth, Secure Semantic Search over Encrypted Big Data in the Cloud, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Crow, For Nathan and Matthew’s Fans, Broken Hearts on Broadway, New York Times (2002) 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Knowledge-Based Systems
Abbreviation	Knowl. Based Syst.
ISSN (print)	0950-7051
Scope	Management Information Systems Artificial Intelligence Software Information Systems and Management