How to format your references using the Knowledge-Based Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Knowledge-Based Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P.A. Lawrence, Retiring retirement, Nature 453 (2008) 588–590.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.J.C. Hilf, R. Dutzler, X-ray structure of a prokaryotic pentameric ligand-gated ion channel, Nature 452 (2008) 375–379.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B. Munsky, G. Neuert, A. van Oudenaarden, Using gene expression noise to understand gene regulation, Science 336 (2012) 183–187.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Liu, W. Bai, S. Niu, C. Zhu, S. Yang, A. Chen, Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of 17β-estradiol using split DNA aptamers immobilized on unmodified gold nanoparticles, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7571.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.L. Bayuk, J. Healey, P. Rohmeyer, M.H. Sachs, J. Schmidt, J. Weiss, Cyber Security Policy Guidebook, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

P.A. Abdulla, I. Potapov, eds., Reachability Problems: 7th International Workshop, RP 2013, Uppsala, Sweden, September 24-26, 2013 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.K. Filus, L.Z. Filus, Some Alternative Approaches to System Reliability Modeling, in: H. Pham (Ed.), Recent Advances in Reliability and Quality in Design, Springer, London, 2008: pp. 101–135.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Knowledge-Based Systems.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Spider Venom Could Help Save Brains After Strokes, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spider-venom-could-help-save-brains-after-strokes/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation and the Environment: Results From a Survey of the Nation’s 50 Busiest Commercial Service Airports, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.E. McConnell, A Dual Diagnosis of Hearing Loss and an Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Illustrative Case Study, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

GEORGE GENE GUSTINES; Compiled by DAVE ITZKOFF, Superman’s Debut Comic Sells For $1 Million, New York Times (2010) C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Knowledge-Based Systems
Abbreviation	Knowl. Based Syst.
ISSN (print)	0950-7051
Scope	Management Information Systems Artificial Intelligence Software Information Systems and Management