How to format your references using the Kidney International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kidney International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Evan G. Cancer. Taking a back door to target Myc. Science 2012; 335: 293–294.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sanchez V, Spector DH. Virology. CMV makes a timely exit. Science 2002; 297: 778–779.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Faupl P, Richter W, Urbanek C. Geochronology: dating of the Herto hominin fossils. Nature 2003; 426: 621–2; discussion 622.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Sundar LS, Singh MK, Ramana EV et al. Enhanced thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanodiamond-nickel nanocomposite nanofluids. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4: 4039.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Marsh N. Forensic Photography. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Bellocchio F. 3D Surface Reconstruction: Multi-Scale Hierarchical Approaches. (Borghese NA, Ferrari S, Piuri V, eds.). New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Saeed A, Abubakar M, Kul O. Modification of Animal Products for Fat and Other Characteristics. In: Abubakar M, Saeed A, Kul O, eds. The Role of Biotechnology in Improvement of Livestock: Animal Health and Biotechnology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2015, pp.55–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kidney International.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. High Levels of Cancer-Causing Arsenic in Rice – So Why Isn’t It Regulated in Our Food? IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Small Business Act: NASA’s Disadvantaged Business Advocate Not Reporting to Proper Management Level. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bryant JD. The Investigation of Self-Determination in Students Participating in Higher Education with an Invisible Disability. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brownmiller S. Hugh Hefner Was My Enemy. New York Times. September 29, 2017:SR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Kidney International
Abbreviation	Kidney Int.
ISSN (print)	0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
Scope	Nephrology