How to format your references using the Kidney International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kidney International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rouault TA. Cell biology. An ancient gauge for iron. Science. 2009;326(5953):676-677.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bartlett DH, Azam F. Microbiology. Chitin, cholera, and competence. Science. 2005;310(5755):1775-1777.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cook-Deegan R, Chandrasekharan S, Angrist M. The dangers of diagnostic monopolies. Nature. 2009;458(7237):405-406.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sjodt M, Brock K, Dobihal G, et al. Structure of the peptidoglycan polymerase RodA resolved by evolutionary coupling analysis. Nature. 2018;556(7699):118-121.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cohen C. Business Intelligence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Dario P, Chatila R, eds. Robotics Research. The Eleventh International Symposium: With 303 Figures. Vol 15. Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Terboven C, an Mey D, Sarholz S. OpenMP on Multicore Architectures. In: Chapman B, Zheng W, Gao GR, Sato M, Ayguadé E, Wang D, eds. A Practical Programming Model for the Multi-Core Era: 3rd International Workshop on OpenMP, IWOMP 2007, Beijing, China, June 3-7, 2007 Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2008:54-64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kidney International.

Blog post

Taub B. Medical And Recreational Marijuana Approved In Several US States. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comments on Claim Against Mississippi for Disallowed Educational Grant Expenditures. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lancaster G. Understanding Interdisciplinary Communication and Collaboration among Physicians, Nurses, and Unlicensed Assistive Personnel. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt E, Gordon MR, Sengupta S. U.S. Ties Russia to Strike on U.N. Convoy in Syria. New York Times. September 20, 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Kidney International
Abbreviation	Kidney Int.
ISSN (print)	0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
Scope	Nephrology