How to format your references using the Kidney International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kidney International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Walsh C. Enabling the chemistry of life. Nature 2001; 409: 226–231.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fairn GD, Grinstein S. Cell biology. Precursor or charge supplier? Science 2012; 337: 653–654.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Spiliotis ET, Kinoshita M, Nelson WJ. A mitotic septin scaffold required for Mammalian chromosome congression and segregation. Science 2005; 307: 1781–1785.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Wei C-J, Boyington JC, McTamney PM et al. Induction of broadly neutralizing H1N1 influenza antibodies by vaccination. Science 2010; 329: 1060–1064.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kyan M, Muneesawang P, Jarrah K et al. Unsupervised Learning. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Nowak A, Winkowska-Nowak K, Brée D eds. Complex Human Dynamics: From Mind to Societies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gonzalez D, Elias M, Chabrière E. The DING Family of Phosphate Binding Proteins in Inflammatory Diseases. In: Camps J, ed. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases - Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014, pp.27–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kidney International.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Parasite Turns Plant Into Flowerless Zombies. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Factors Lenders Consider in Making Lending Decisions for Private Education Loans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Jackson LI. Empowering African American Youth Who Live in Foster Care: A Grant Proposal. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Whiteside K. Rare Double for a Noted Owner. New York Times. February 14, 2017:B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Kidney International
Abbreviation	Kidney Int.
ISSN (print)	0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
Scope	Nephrology