How to format your references using the Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whyte MA. Palaeoecology: a gigantic fossil arthropod trackway. Nature 2005;438(7068):576.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mashburn LM, Whiteley M. Membrane vesicles traffic signals and facilitate group activities in a prokaryote. Nature 2005;437(7057):422–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hudson JJ, Taylor WD, Schindler DW. Phosphate concentrations in lakes. Nature 2000;406(6791):54–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Silva DB, Turatti ICC, Gouveia DR, Ernst M, Teixeira SP, Lopes NP. Mass spectrometry of flavonoid vicenin-2, based sunlight barriers in Lychnophora species. Sci Rep 2014;4:4309.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jakubith M. Grundoperationen und chemische Reaktionstechnik. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 1998.

An edited book

Ahmad P, Azooz MM, Prasad MNV, editors. Salt Stress in Plants: Signalling, Omics and Adaptations. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

St John S. Can Older Citizens Lead the Way to a Universal Basic Income? In: Mays J, Marston G, Tomlinson J, editors. Basic Income in Australia and New Zealand: Perspectives from the Neoliberal Frontier. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016. page 95–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew D. How Smartphone Light Affects Your Brain And Body [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-smartphone-light-affects-your-brain-and-body/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Montana’s Entitlement to Restoration of Rehabilitation Funds]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Van Exel LM. Applying database refactoring techniques to procedural SQL. 2012;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Russian Orthodox Church Elects Outspoken Patriarch. New York Times2009;A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology
ISSN (print)	0976-6677
Scope