How to format your references using the JPRAS Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for JPRAS Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith C. Genomics: big tasks for small molecules. Nature. 2005;435(7044):991.

A journal article with 2 authors

Doebeli M, Ispolatov I. Complexity and diversity. Science. 2010;328(5977):494-497.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gavriil FP, Kaspi VM, Woods PM. Magnetar-like X-ray bursts from an anomalous X-ray pulsar. Nature. 2002;419(6903):142-144.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang C, Yu S, Chen W, Sun C. Highly efficient light-trapping structure design inspired by natural evolution. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1025.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paschedag AR. CFD in Der Verfahrenstechnik. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2004.

An edited book

Hefley WE, Wang Y, eds. Economics of Unconventional Shale Gas Development: Case Studies and Impacts. Vol 45. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Francq C, Zakoïan JM. A Tour in the Asymptotic Theory of GARCH Estimation. In: Mikosch T, Kreiß JP, Davis RA, Andersen TG, eds. Handbook of Financial Time Series. Springer; 2009:85-111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for JPRAS Open.

Blog post

Hamilton K. “Scratching” Sounds A Woman Heard Were Caused By Spider Living In Her Ear. IFLScience. Published October 1, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scratching-sounds-woman-heard-caused-spider-living-her-ear/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Gas Pipeline Safety: Preliminary Observations on the Integrity Management Program and 7-Year Reassessment Requirement. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Short DD. Assessing Effectiveness and Economic Efficiency in California Community College Transfer Advising. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. 13 Hospitals to Remove Trans Fats From Meals. New York Times. December 3, 2006:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	JPRAS Open
Abbreviation	JPRAS Open
ISSN (print)	2352-5878
Scope

Research and Writing Guides