How to format your references using the JPRAS Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for JPRAS Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Levitin C. New Russian science head named. Nature. 2000;405(6787):601.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clausen S, Smith AB. Palaeoanatomy and biological affinities of a Cambrian deuterostome (Stylophora). Nature. 2005;438(7066):351-354.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bollasina MA, Ming Y, Ramaswamy V. Anthropogenic aerosols and the weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon. Science. 2011;334(6055):502-505.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gonen T, Cheng Y, Sliz P, et al. Lipid-protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional AQP0 crystals. Nature. 2005;438(7068):633-638.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Webb RC. Tele-Visionaries. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Ballesteros J, Fernández Ruiz-Gálvez E, Talavera P, eds. Globalization and Human Rights: Challenges and Answers from a European Perspective. Vol 13. Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Albini A, Protti S. Renewable Resources: From Refinery to Bio-refinery. In: Protti S, ed. Paradigms in Green Chemistry and Technology. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Springer International Publishing; 2016:63-76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for JPRAS Open.

Blog post

Andrew E. Holograms Heading to the International Space Station. IFLScience. June 27, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/hololens-iss/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Nanomanufacturing: Emergence and Implications for U.S. Competitiveness, the Environment, and Human Health. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Malekian A. Combinatorial Problems in Online Advertising. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. For Musial, A Birthday And A Medal. New York Times. November 21, 2010:SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	JPRAS Open
Abbreviation	JPRAS Open
ISSN (print)	2352-5878
Scope