How to format your references using the JPRAS Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for JPRAS Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heinrich AJ. Applied physics. Looking below the surface. Science. 2009;323(5918):1178-1179.

A journal article with 2 authors

Harada SI, Rodan GA. Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature. 2003;423(6937):349-355.

A journal article with 3 authors

McCormick DA, Shu Y, Yu Y. Neurophysiology: Hodgkin and Huxley model--still standing? Nature. 2007;445(7123):E1-2; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tilman D, Fargione J, Wolff B, et al. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science. 2001;292(5515):281-284.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Staebler P. Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Fischer X, Daidie A, Eynard B, Paredes M, eds. Research in Interactive Design (Vol. 4): Mechanics, Design Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Angelov S, Kunal K, McGregor A. Sorting and Selection with Random Costs. In: Laber ES, Bornstein C, Nogueira LT, Faria L, eds. LATIN 2008: Theoretical Informatics: 8th Latin American Symposium, Búzios, Brazil, April 7-11, 2008. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2008:48-59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for JPRAS Open.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Check Out These Amazing Photos Of SpaceX’s Latest Super-Accurate Rocket Landing. IFLScience. Published January 19, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/check-out-these-amazing-photos-of-spacexs-latest-rocket-landing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications Network: NASA Could Better Manage Its Planned Consolidation. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glover D. Reconciling the Doctrine of Original Sin with Principles of Moral Responsibility. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mcgirr M. Sink Into the Silence of Summer. New York Times. July 22, 2017:SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	JPRAS Open
Abbreviation	JPRAS Open
ISSN (print)	2352-5878
Scope