How to format your references using the Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tobie, G. (2015). Planetary science: Enceladus’ hot springs. Nature 519, 162–163.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knapp, A.K. & Smith, M.D. (2001). Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production. Science 291, 481–484.

A journal article with 3 authors

Frank, F., Sonenberg, N. & Nagar, B. (2010). Structural basis for 5’-nucleotide base-specific recognition of guide RNA by human AGO2. Nature 465, 818–822.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hillman, T.R., Yamauchi, T., Choi, W., Dasari, R.R., Feld, M.S., Park, Y. & Yaqoob, Z. (2013). Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media. Sci. Rep. 3, 1909.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good, P.I. & Hardin, J.W. (2006). Common Errors in Statistics (and How to Avoid Them). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kapidakis, S., Mazurek, C. & Werla, M. (Eds.). (2015). Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 19th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 2015, Poznań, Poland, September 14-18, 2015, Proceedings. , Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Vázquez, E., Álvarez-Campana, M., Hernández, A. & Vinyes, J. (2008). Reliable Signalling Transport in Next Generation Networks. In Wired/Wireless Internet Communications: 6th International Conference, WWIC 2008 Tampere, Finland, May 28-30, 2008 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science: 53–66. Harju, J., Heijenk, G., Langendörfer, P. & Siris, V.A. (Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016). Mantis Shrimps Roll Their Eyes For Better Vision [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mantis-shrimps-roll-their-eyes-for-better-vision/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Implementation of the Technology Transfer Act: A Preliminary Assessment ( No. T-PEMD-90-4). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Graham, S.M. (2017). Conditions that Prompt the Migrant Worker Population to Access Pre-Hospital Emergency Care in Place of Health Centers in Qatar. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J. & Scott, M. (2016). Deal for Apple on Irish Taxes Is Ruled Illegal. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tobie, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Knapp & Smith, 2001; Tobie, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Knapp & Smith, 2001)
Three authors: (Frank, Sonenberg & Nagar, 2010)
4 or more authors: (Hillman et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	J. Zool. (1987)
ISSN (print)	0952-8369
ISSN (online)	1469-7998
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics