How to format your references using the Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burns, M.A. (2002). Analytic chemistry. Everyone’s a (future) chemist. Science 296, 1818–1819.

A journal article with 2 authors

González, J. & Petrov, D. (2009). Genetics. MITEs--the ultimate parasites. Science 325, 1352–1353.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoener, T.W., Spiller, D.A. & Losos, J.B. (2001). Natural restoration of the species-area relation for a lizard after a hurricane. Science 294, 1525–1528.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

van de Loosdrecht, M., Bouzouggar, A., Humphrey, L., Posth, C., Barton, N., Aximu-Petri, A., Nickel, B., Nagel, S., Talbi, E.H., El Hajraoui, M.A., Amzazi, S., Hublin, J.-J., Pääbo, S., Schiffels, S., Meyer, M., Haak, W., Jeong, C. & Krause, J. (2018). Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science 360, 548–552.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robyns, B., François, B., Delille, G. & Saudemont, C. (2015). Energy Storage in Electric Power Grids. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Díaz‐Cruz, M.S. & Barceló, D. (Eds.). (2015). Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment. , The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Amin, P. & Amin, V. (2015). Viral Sepsis. In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2015, Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: 37–59. Vincent, J.-L. (Ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014). 3D-Printed Heart Helps Save A Newborn Baby’s Life [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/3d-printed-heart-provided-roadmap-newborn-babys-surgery/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1986). Contract Pricing: Subcontractor Prices Overstated on AN/TSQ-111 Communications Contract ( No. NSIAD-86-166). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez, I. (2017). Strong-DISM: A First Attempt to a Dynamically Typed Assembly Language (D-TAL). Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2016). Slash. New York Times C15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burns, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Burns, 2002; González & Petrov, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (González & Petrov, 2009)
Three authors: (Schoener, Spiller & Losos, 2001)
4 or more authors: (van de Loosdrecht et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	J. Zool. (1987)
ISSN (print)	0952-8369
ISSN (online)	1469-7998
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics