How to format your references using the Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Aarestrup F. Sustainable farming: Get pigs off antibiotics. Nature. 2012;486(7404):465–466.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bermingham E, Dick C. Ecology and evolution. The Inga--newcomer or museum antiquity? Science. 2001;293(5538):2214–2216.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Aziz T, Stein J, Yogeshwar R. Animal testing: TV or not TV? Nature. 2011;470(7335):457–459.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Zhuang J, Chen X, Tan Z, Zhu Y, Zhao K, Yang J. A novel de novo duplication mutation of PAX6 in a Chinese family with aniridia and other ocular abnormalities. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4836.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Recho N. Fracture Mechanics and Crack Growth. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Krueger GRF, Buja LM (eds.). Atlas of Anatomic Pathology with Imaging: A Correlative Diagnostic Companion. London: Springer; 2013. XIV, 821 p. 553 illus., 418 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ohbayashi T, Okochi I, Sato H, Ono T, Chiba S. Rapid decline of endemic snails in the Ogasawara Islands, Western Pacific Ocean. In: Kawakami K, Okochi I (eds.). Restoring the Oceanic Island Ecosystem: Impact and Management of Invasive Alien Species in the Bonin Islands. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2010. p. 27–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Genetic Map Of Mutations That Lead To Breast Cancer Unveiled [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/most-complete-genetic-map-mutations-which-lead-breast-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Advanced Technology Program’s Indirect Cost Rates and Program Evaluation Status. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Sep. Report No.: RCED-93-221.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Fu J. Tartuffe Lab: A developing work [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rich N. Just Roll, Baby. New York Times. 2013;MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,5,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
ISSN (print)	1042-7260
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine General Veterinary