How to format your references using the Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Schölkopf B. Artificial intelligence: Learning to see and act. Nature. 2015;518(7540):486–487.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ferreira PG, Starkman GD. Einstein’s theory of gravity and the problem of missing mass. Science. 2009;326(5954):812–815.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Belmonte A, Di Clemente R, Buldyrev SV. The Italian primary school-size distribution and the city-size: a complex nexus. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5301.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Antson AA, Burns JE, Moroz OV, Scott DJ, Sanders CM, Bronstein IB, Dodson GG, Wilson KS, Maitland NJ. Structure of the intact transactivation domain of the human papillomavirus E2 protein. Nature. 2000;403(6771):805–809.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Coles A, Hawkins DG. MIDAS Technical Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Kerzner DS. International Tax Evasion in the Global Information Age. Chodikoff DW (ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XXVIII, 425 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Javahery H, Deichman A, Seffah A, Taleb M. A User-Centered Framework for Deriving A Conceptual Design From User Experiences: Leveraging Personas and Patterns to Create Usable Designs. In: Seffah A, Vanderdonckt J, Desmarais MC (eds.). Human-Centered Software Engineering: Software Engineering Models, Patterns and Architectures for HCI. London: Springer; 2009. p. 53–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. How Sharks And Skates Sense The Electrical Fields Of Their Prey. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Title I Formula in S. 1513. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Jun. Report No.: HEHS-94-190R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hilton LC. Case study on organic farming as a sustainable solution for African-American farmers [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Do Ankle Bracelets Work? Here’s One Way to Find Out. New York Times. 2007;14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^3,4.
This sentence cites four references ^5–8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
ISSN (print)	1042-7260
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine General Veterinary