How to format your references using the Journal of Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Levitin, C. 2000. “New Russian Science Head Named.” Nature 405 (6787): 601.

A journal article with 2 authors

Casali, Andreu, and Gary Struhl. 2004. “Reading the Hedgehog Morphogen Gradient by Measuring the Ratio of Bound to Unbound Patched Protein.” Nature 431 (7004): 76–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

Prytkova, Tatiana R., Igor V. Kurnikov, and David N. Beratan. 2007. “Coupling Coherence Distinguishes Structure Sensitivity in Protein Electron Transfer.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315 (5812): 622–625.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Uchiyama, Yasunobu, Felix A. Aharonian, Takaaki Tanaka, Tadayuki Takahashi, and Yoshitomo Maeda. 2007. “Extremely Fast Acceleration of Cosmic Rays in a Supernova Remnant.” Nature 449 (7162): 576–578.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gup, Benton E. 2011. Banking and Financial Institutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Conrady, Roland, and Martin Buck, eds. 2012. Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2012. Trends and Issues in Global Tourism. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nieves, Laura. 2013. “Esophageal Cancer: Gastrointestinal Features.” In Atlas of Dermatological Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease, edited by George Y. Wu, Nathan Selsky, and Jane M. Grant-Kels, 11–12. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Youth Studies.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2017. “Signs Of Life From 3.5-Billion-Year-Old Hot Springs Could Change Mars Mission Target.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/signs-of-life-from-35billionyearold-hot-springs-could-change-mars-mission-target/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1974. Space Transportation System. 093967. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sylvain, Olivier. 2010. “Domesticating ‘the Great, Throbbing, Common Pulse of America’: A Study of the Ideological Origins of the Radio Act of 1927.” Doctoral dissertation, New York, NY: Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Stephen R. 2012. “Good Neighbors, Bad Border.” New York Times, November 27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Levitin 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Levitin 2000; Casali and Struhl 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Casali and Struhl 2004)
Three authors: (Prytkova, Kurnikov, and Beratan 2007)
4 or more authors: (Uchiyama et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Youth Studies
Abbreviation	J. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1367-6261
ISSN (online)	1469-9680
Scope	General Social Sciences Sociology and Political Science Life-span and Life-course Studies