How to format your references using the Journal of Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ghigo, J. M. 2001. “Natural Conjugative Plasmids Induce Bacterial Biofilm Development.” Nature 412 (6845): 442–445.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rakow, N. A., and K. S. Suslick. 2000. “A Colorimetric Sensor Array for Odour Visualization.” Nature 406 (6797): 710–713.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schall, Jeffrey D., Martin Paré, and Geoffrey F. Woodman. 2007. “Comment on ‘Top-down versus Bottom-up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal and Posterior Parietal Cortices.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 318 (5847): 44; author reply 44.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Crockett, Molly J., Luke Clark, Golnaz Tabibnia, Matthew D. Lieberman, and Trevor W. Robbins. 2008. “Serotonin Modulates Behavioral Reactions to Unfairness.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 320 (5884): 1739.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fogel, David B., Derong Liu, and James M. Keller. 2016. Fundamentals of Computational Intelligence. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lee, Roger, Olga Ormandjieva, Alain Abran, and Constantinos Constantinides, eds. 2010. Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications 2010. Vol. 296. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Neuer, Matthias, Christian Mosch, Jürgen Salk, Karsten Siegmund, Volodymyr Kushnarenko, Stefan Kombrink, Thomas Nau, and Stefan Wesner. 2015. “Storage Systems for I/O-Intensive Applications in Computational Chemistry.” In Sustained Simulation Performance 2015: Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance, University of Stuttgart (HLRS) and Tohoku University, 2015, edited by Michael M. Resch, Wolfgang Bez, Erich Focht, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Jiaxing Qi, and Sabine Roller, 51–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Youth Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2016. “Rosetta Mission To End With Crash Landing On September 30.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-mission-to-end-with-crash-landing-on-september-30/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1979. Inconsistencies in Awarding Financial Aid to Students Under Four Federal Programs. HRD-79-16. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Faello, Joseph Peter. 2012. “Is Strong Corporate Governance Associated with Informative Income Smoothing?” Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kirk, Sophia. 1942. “Aid for Greece Sought.” New York Times, February 10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ghigo 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Ghigo 2001; Rakow and Suslick 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rakow and Suslick 2000)
Three authors: (Schall, Paré, and Woodman 2007)
4 or more authors: (Crockett et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Youth Studies
Abbreviation	J. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1367-6261
ISSN (online)	1469-9680
Scope	General Social Sciences Sociology and Political Science Life-span and Life-course Studies