How to format your references using the Journal of Youth Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Youth Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Freed, Eric O. 2002. “Virology. Rafting with Ebola.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5566): 279.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fox, Peter, and James Hendler. 2011. “Changing the Equation on Scientific Data Visualization.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 331 (6018): 705–708.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kernbauer, Elisabeth, Yi Ding, and Ken Cadwell. 2014. “An Enteric Virus Can Replace the Beneficial Function of Commensal Bacteria.” Nature 516 (7529): 94–98.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Weixlbaumer, Albert, Hong Jin, Cajetan Neubauer, Rebecca M. Voorhees, Sabine Petry, Ann C. Kelley, and Venki Ramakrishnan. 2008. “Insights into Translational Termination from the Structure of RF2 Bound to the Ribosome.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 322 (5903): 953–956.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yaacoub, Elias E., and Zaher Dawy. 2012. Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bali, Rajeev K., Lodewijk Bos, Michael Christopher Gibbons, and Simon Ibell, eds. 2014. Rare Diseases in the Age of Health 2.0. Vol. 4. Communications in Medical and Care Compunetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Jakushokas, Renatas, Mikhail Popovich, Andrey V. Mezhiba, Selçuk Köse, and Eby G. Friedman. 2011. “Decoupling Capacitance.” In Power Distribution Networks with On-Chip Decoupling Capacitors, edited by Mikhail Popovich, Andrey V. Mezhiba, Selçuk Köse, and Eby G. Friedman, 89–138. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Youth Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti, Chris. 2017. “This Horrifying Animation Shows You How A Woman’s Organs Move During Pregnancy.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/this-horrifying-animation-shows-you-how-a-womans-organs-move-during-pregnancy/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010. Propane and Heating Oil: Federal Oversight of the Propane Education and Research Council and National Oilheat Research Alliance Should Be Strengthened. GAO-10-981T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarty, Andrew. 2012. “Measuring the Impact of Training in the Implementation of Project Management Information Systems.” Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kepner, Tyler. 2017. “A Racist Gesture Results in a Delayed Punishment.” New York Times, October 28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Freed 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Freed 2002; Fox and Hendler 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fox and Hendler 2011)
Three authors: (Kernbauer, Ding, and Cadwell 2014)
4 or more authors: (Weixlbaumer et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Youth Studies
Abbreviation	J. Youth Stud.
ISSN (print)	1367-6261
ISSN (online)	1469-9680
Scope	General Social Sciences Sociology and Political Science Life-span and Life-course Studies