How to format your references using the Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nebel C. E. 2007 Chemistry. Surface-conducting diamond. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5855), 1391–1392.

A journal article with 2 authors

Baker A. W., Forest K. T. 2014 Structural biology: Action at a distance in a light receptor. Nature, 509(7499), 174–175.

A journal article with 3 authors

Petersen J., Volz J., Rauschenbeutel A. 2014 Nanophotonics. Chiral nanophotonic waveguide interface based on spin-orbit interaction of light. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6205), 67–71.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lukhtanov V. A., Kandul N. P., Plotkin J. B., Dantchenko A. V., Haig D., Pierce N. E. 2005 Reinforcement of pre-zygotic isolation and karyotype evolution in Agrodiaetus butterflies. Nature, 436(7049), 385–389.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jones N. F. 2008 The JCT Major Project Form. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, p.

An edited book

Anastassiou G. A. 2016 Intelligent Numerical Methods: Applications to Fractional Calculus (I. K. Argyros, Ed.) (1st ed. 2016, Vol. 624). Springer International Publishing, Cham, p.

A chapter in an edited book

Deng X., Liu J., Ma E., Jiang L., Yu R., Jiang Q., Zhao C. 2015 Impact Assessments on Water and Heat Fluxes of Terrestrial Ecosystem Due to Land Use Change. In: Impacts of Land-use Change on Ecosystem Services, J. Zhan (ed.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 149–209.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015, February 20 Flower Pharmacies Help Bees Fight Parasites. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/flower-pharmacies-help-bees-fight-parasites/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1970 Allowances for Independent Research and Development Costs in Negotiated Contracts (No. 094461). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Butler M. L. 2017 Floating Homelands: Postnational Constructions of Home in Contemporary Africana Women’s Literature (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robinson L. 2011, January 23 By the Banks of the Tigris. New York Times, p. BR10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nebel 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Nebel 2007; Baker & Forest 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Baker & Forest 2014)
Three authors: (Petersen, Volz, & Rauschenbeutel 2014)
6 or more authors: (Lukhtanov et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Abbreviation	J. Water Sanit. Hyg. Dev.
ISSN (print)	2043-9083
ISSN (online)	2408-9362
Scope	Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Development