How to format your references using the Journal of Visual Languages and Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Visual Languages and Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

T. Martin, Paleontology. Early mammalian evolutionary experiments, Science. 311 (2006) 1109–1110.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Weiner, L. Addadi, Biomineralization. At the cutting edge, Science. 298 (2002) 375–376.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Shekhawat, S.-H. Tark, V.P. Dravid, MOSFET-Embedded microcantilevers for measuring deflection in biomolecular sensors, Science. 311 (2006) 1592–1595.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Koch, S. Mousset, A. Graser, S. Reppert, C. Übel, C. Reinhardt, T. Zimmermann, R. Rieker, H.A. Lehr, S. Finotto, IL-6 activated integrated BATF/IRF4 functions in lymphocytes are T-bet-independent and reversed by subcutaneous immunotherapy, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1754.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

V. Krishnan, Probability and Random Processes, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

T. Jiang, N. Navab, J.P.W. Pluim, M.A. Viergever, eds., Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2010: 13th International Conference, Beijing, China, September 20-24, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Devonshire-Ellis, A. Scott, S. Woollard, Due Diligence, in: C. Devonshire-Ellis, A. Scott, S. Woollard (Eds.), Mergers & Acquisitions in China, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: pp. 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Visual Languages and Computing.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, The Biggest Coral Bleaching Event In History Will Hit The US Coral Reefs Hard, IFLScience. (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-biggest-coral-bleaching-event-in-history-will-hit-the-us-coral-reefs-hard/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Student Testing: Current Extent and Expenditures, With Cost Estimates for a National Examination, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E.P. Bemmel, A cost -effectiveness analysis of two community college baccalaureate programs in Florida: An exploratory study, Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

D. Searcey, Boko Haram Frees Taken Girls, Nigeria Says, New York Times. (2017) A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Abbreviation	J. Vis. Lang. Comput.
ISSN (print)	1045-926X
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction

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