How to format your references using the Journal of Visual Languages and Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Visual Languages and Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S.L. Baldauf, The deep roots of eukaryotes, Science 300 (2003) 1703–1706.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A.B. Pfisterer, B. Schmid, Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning, Nature 416 (2002) 84–86.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Schmith, S. Johansen, P. Thejll, Comment on “A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise,” Science 317 (2007) 1866; author reply 1866.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C. He, S. Dong, M. Santosh, X. Chen, Seismic Evidence for a Geosuture between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks, South China, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2200.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Nguyen, Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

T. Bajd, Introduction to Robotics, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H.F. Alves-Prado, D.A. Bocchini, E. Gomes, L.C. Baida, J. Contiero, I.C. Roberto, R. Da Silva, Optimization of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase Production From Bacillus clausii E16 in Submerged Fermentation Using Response Surface Methodology, in: J.R. Mielenz, K.T. Klasson, W.S. Adney, J.D. McMillan (Eds.), Applied Biochemistry and Biotecnology: The Twenty-Eighth Symposium Proceedings of the Twenty-Eight Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held April 30–May 3, 2006, in Nashville, Tennessee, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2007: pp. 27–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Visual Languages and Computing.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Could We Be Wrong About The Speed Of Light?, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: FCC Needs to Improve Oversight of Wireless Phone Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.T. Parsons, Metal-catalyzed annulations of strained cycloalkanes, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Otis, R.F. Sweis, An Iraqi Family Split by the Vagaries of Asylum, New York Times (2017) A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Abbreviation	J. Vis. Lang. Comput.
ISSN (print)	1045-926X
Scope	Language and Linguistics Computer Science Applications Human-Computer Interaction