How to format your references using the Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Couzin-Frankel J. Clinical trials. Researchers seek clear reasons when clinical trials end early. Science 2015;349:222.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Brucker RM, Bordenstein SR. Response to Comment on “The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia.” Science 2014;345:1011.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lee H, Zones SI, Davis ME. A combustion-free methodology for synthesizing zeolites and zeolite-like materials. Nature 2003;425:385–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Coull JT, Vidal F, Nazarian B, Macar F. Functional anatomy of the attentional modulation of time estimation. Science 2004;303:1506–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Sillar KT, Picton LD, Heitler WJ. The Neuroethology of Predation and Escape. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Shanley TP, Wong HR, Wheeler DS, editors. Cardiovascular Pediatric Critical Illness and Injury. London: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Smith JD, Couchman JJ, Beran MJ. The Highs and Lows of Theoretical Interpretation in Animal-Metacognition Research. In: Fleming SM, Frith CD, editors. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Metacognition, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 87–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Mystery Of The “Megastructure Star” Deepens. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mystery-of-the-megastructure-star-deepens/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Infrastructure: FHWA’s Model for Estimating Highway Needs Has Been Modified for State-Level Planning. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ready C. Preventing childhood obesity in foster children: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Court Allows Suit Against Drug Maker. New York Times 2008:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Vascular Surgery Cases
ISSN (print)	2352-667X
Scope