How to format your references using the Journal of Urban Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Urban Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Doms RW. Immunology. Prime, boost, and broaden. Science. 2010;329:1021–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Duman RS, Aghajanian GK. Synaptic dysfunction in depression: potential therapeutic targets. Science. 2012;338:68–72.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hao X, Martin-Rouault L, Cui M. A self-adaptive method for creating high efficiency communication channels through random scattering media. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5874.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Amoasii L, Hildyard JCW, Li H, Sanchez-Ortiz E, Mireault A, Caballero D, et al. Gene editing restores dystrophin expression in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Science. 2018;362:86–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Dooner DB. Kinematic Geometry of Gearing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Acary V. Numerical Methods for Nonsmooth Dynamical Systems: Applications in Mechanics and Electronics. Brogliato B, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sierksma G, Ghosh D. Shortest Paths. In: Ghosh D, editor. Networks in Action: Text and Computer Exercises in Network Optimization. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010. p. 17–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Urban Health.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Tatooine Planets Orbiting Two Stars Are More Likely To Survive. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Consolidated Student Loans: Borrowers Benefit but Costs to Them and the Government Grow. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jun. Report No.: HRD-90-8.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Markarian LA. Strengths, challenges, and quality of life of ALS caregivers [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. After 15 Years, New York Is Back as Grammy Host. New York Times. 2017 May 9;B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Urban Health
Abbreviation	J. Urban Health
ISSN (print)	1099-3460
ISSN (online)	1468-2869
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Health(social science)