How to format your references using the Journal of Tropical Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Tropical Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

STORB, R. 2012. Edward Donnall Thomas (1920-2012). Nature 491:334.

A journal article with 2 authors

SCHIØTZ, J. & JACOBSEN, K. W. 2003. A maximum in the strength of nanocrystalline copper. Science (New York, N.Y.) 301:1357–1359.

A journal article with 3 authors

WALSH, K. J., RICHARDSON, D. C. & MICHEL, P. 2008. Rotational breakup as the origin of small binary asteroids. Nature 454:188–191.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

ZHU, Y., GHOSH, P., CHARNAY, P., BURNS, D. K. & PARADA, L. F. 2002. Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann cell origin and role of tumor environment. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296:920–922.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

CENTER FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY. 1993. Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

SPINK, A. & COLE, C. (Eds.). 2006. New Directions in Human Information Behavior. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. VI, 256 p pp.

A chapter in an edited book

BACON, S. 2016. The Expectational Body: The Becoming of the Tortured Vampire Horde in Daybreakers. Pp. 71–88 in de Valk, M. (ed.). Screening the Tortured Body: The Cinema as Scaffold. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Tropical Ecology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2014, January 31. Synthetic magnetic monopoles have been created in the lab. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. 2015. Screening Partnership Program: TSA Can Benefit from Improved Cost Estimates. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

TUCKER, M. S. 2010. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of in vitro selected artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

CROW, K. 2000, July 23. A Mister Softee Who Found His Calling. New York Times:144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Storb 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Schiøtz & Jacobsen 2003, Storb 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schiøtz & Jacobsen 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zhu et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Tropical Ecology
Abbreviation	J. Trop. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	0266-4674
ISSN (online)	1469-7831
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics