How to format your references using the Journal of Thoracic Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Thoracic Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kamakura M. Royalactin induces queen differentiation in honeybees. Nature. 2011;473(7348):478-483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ungar PS, Sponheimer M. The diets of early hominins. Science. 2011;334(6053):190-193.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feinstein NW, Allen S, Jenkins E. Outside the pipeline: reimagining science education for nonscientists. Science. 2013;340(6130):314-317.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zepik H, Shavit E, Tang M, et al. Chiral amplification of oligopeptides in two-dimensional crystalline self-assemblies on water. Science. 2002;295(5558):1266-1269.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Razik H. Handbook of Asynchronous Machine with Variable Speed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Schlatter P, Henningson DS, eds. Seventh IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition: Proceedings of the Seventh IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009. Vol 18. Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Choi HJ, Cohen AS, Bottge BA. An Application of a Random Mixture Nominal Item Response Model for Investigating Instruction Effects. In: van der Ark LA, Bolt DM, Wang WC, Douglas JA, Wiberg M, eds. Quantitative Psychology Research: The 80th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Beijing, 2015. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. Springer International Publishing; 2016:39-48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Thoracic Oncology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Teenager On Work Experience Discovers An Exoplanet. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Wire-Based Competition Benefited Consumers In Selected Markets. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Butler ML. Floating Homelands: Postnational Constructions of Home in Contemporary Africana Women’s Literature. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. At the Nation’s Table: Buffalo;Bottling the Secret Of the Wings. New York Times. June 19, 1996:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Thoracic Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Thorac. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1556-0864
Scope	Oncology Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine