How to format your references using the Journal of Thoracic Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Thoracic Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lewis SL. How to beat the media in the climate street fight. Nature. 2010;468(7320):7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gault F, Huttner S. A cat’s cradle for policy. Nature. 2008;455(7212):462-463.

A journal article with 3 authors

James S, Simmons CP, James AA. Ecology. Mosquito trials. Science. 2011;334(6057):771-772.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Collier LS, Carlson CM, Ravimohan S, Dupuy AJ, Largaespada DA. Cancer gene discovery in solid tumours using transposon-based somatic mutagenesis in the mouse. Nature. 2005;436(7048):272-276.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Industrial Hygiene Association. Continuous Monitoring for Hazardous Material Releases. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Li K, Li X, Ma S, Irwin GW, eds. Life System Modeling and Intelligent Computing: International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2010, and International Conference on Intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, ICSEE 2010, Wuxi, China, September 17-20, 2010. Proceedings, Part I. Vol 97. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Ascher W, Mirovitskaya N. Pitfalls of Macroeconomic Decisions. In: Mirovitskaya N, ed. Development Strategies and Inter-Group Violence: Insights on Conflict-Sensitive Development. Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016:69-79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Thoracic Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Many Locusts Does It Take To Start A Biblical Plague? Just Three. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Procurement: Challenges Remain in Implementing Improvement Reforms. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gutierrez R. Providing Hope: A Systematic Development of a Resource Manual for Mental Health Professionals Treating Latino/a Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Hermitage Is Reeling From Loss Of Artworks. New York Times. August 2, 2006:E1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Thoracic Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Thorac. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1556-0864
Scope	Oncology Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine