How to format your references using the Journal of the National Cancer Institute citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the National Cancer Institute (JNCI). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Career-change carousel. Nature. 2003;423(6942):899.

A journal article with 2 authors

Araújo MB, Rahbek C. Ecology. How does climate change affect biodiversity? Science. 2006;313(5792):1396-1397.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xiao S, Zhou C, Yuan X. Palaeontology: undressing and redressing Ediacaran embryos. Nature. 2007;446(7136):E9-10; discussion E10-1.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mobashir M, Madhusudhan T, Isermann B, Beyer T, Schraven B. Negative interactions and feedback regulations are required for transient cellular response. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3718.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schneider HJ. Wittgenstein’s Later Theory of Meaning. John Wiley & Sons Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Ueda T, Kawai A, eds. Osteosarcoma. 1st ed. 2016. Springer Japan; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Ruiji C, Leiming Y. Microbiota and Microbial Mats within Ancient Stromatolites in South China. In: Tewari V, Seckbach J, eds. STROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology. Springer Netherlands; 2011:65-86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Blog post

Andrew D. Superbugs 1, The World 0. IFLScience. Published October 13, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/superbugs-1-the-world-0/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. DOD Personnel: More Accurate Estimate of Overdue Security Clearance Reinvestigations Is Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen D. Deus-Ex-Machina: A Modern Skeptic’s Relentless Scrutiny of the Production of Ethics in Post-Colonial Literature and Postcolonialism. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnes B, Koblin J. ABC’s ‘Live’ Ends Search, Naming Seacrest Co-Host. New York Times. May 1, 2017:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Abbreviation	J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
ISSN (print)	0027-8874
ISSN (online)	1460-2105
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology

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