How to format your references using the Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. C. Macilwain, Nature 464, 975 (2010).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. G. P. Dotto and G. Cotsarelis, Science 309, 890 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. E. T. Brown, P. Molnar, and D. L. Bourlès, Science 309, 1326; author reply 1326 (2005).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. P. Brodersen, L. Sakvarelidze-Achard, M. Bruun-Rasmussen, P. Dunoyer, Y. Y. Yamamoto, L. Sieburth, and O. Voinnet, Science 320, 1185 (2008).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. A. Albalate and W. Minker, Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013).

An edited book

1. B. Roynette, Penalising Brownian Paths (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009).

A chapter in an edited book

1. B. W. Levin and M. A. Nosov, in Physics of Tsunamis, edited by M. Nosov (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016), pp. 181–262.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A.

Blog post

1. D. Andrew, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, Amendment No. 1--Documentation Requirements When Assessing Control Risk at Maximum for Controls Significantly Dependent Upon Computerized Information Systems (Superseded by GAO-03-673G) A-GAGAS-1, May 1999 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. M. Ahn, Student Perception of Language Achievement and Learner Autonomy in a Blended Korean Language Course: The Case Study of Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. B. Shpigel, New York Times SP1 (2016).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of The Institution of Engineers: Series A
ISSN (print)	2250-2149
ISSN (online)	2250-2157
Scope