How to format your references using the Journal of the Geological Society of London citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Geological Society of London. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wickware, P. 2000. US minorities stake their claim in science and engineering. Nature, 405, 717–718.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berners-Lee, T. and Hendler, J. 2001. Publishing on the semantic web. Nature, 410, 1023–1024.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fay, J.C., Wyckoff, G.J. and Wu, C.-I. 2002. Testing the neutral theory of molecular evolution with genomic data from Drosophila. Nature, 415, 1024–1026.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Michler, P., Kiraz, A., et al. 2000. A quantum dot single-photon turnstile device. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290, 2282–2285.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wagner, K. and Doroslovački, M. 2013. Proportionate-Type Normalized Least Mean Square Algorithms.

An edited book

Beek, M.H.T. and Lohmann, N. (eds). 2013. Web Services and Formal Methods: 9th International Workshop, WS-FM 2012, Tallinn, Estonia, September 6-7, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

A chapter in an edited book

Rasse, A., Perronne, J.-M., Muller, P.-A. and Thirion, B. 2006. Using Process Algebra to Validate Behavioral Aspects of Object-Oriented Models. In: Bruel, J.-M. (ed.) Satellite Events at the MoDELS 2005 Conference: MoDELS 2005 International Workshops Doctoral Symposium, Educators Symposium Montego Bay, Jamaica, October 2-7, 2005 Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 39–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Geological Society of London.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2014. New Blood Test Diagnoses Depression. IFLSciencehttps://www.iflscience.com/brain/blood-test-diagnoses-depression/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. National Highway System: Refinements Would Strengthen the System. T-RCED-94-266.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cappell, S.D. 2010. Systematic Analysis of Essential Genes Reveals New Regulators of G Protein Signaling. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson, G. 2015. Living at Random. New York Times, D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wickware 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Wickware 2000; Berners-Lee and Hendler 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Berners-Lee and Hendler 2001)
Three or more authors: (Michler et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Geological Society of London
Abbreviation	J. Geol. Soc. London
ISSN (print)	0016-7649
ISSN (online)	2041-479X
Scope	Geology