How to format your references using the Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rishbeth H. High above the Earth. Nature. 2002 Jul 4;418(6893):23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Velian A, Cummins CC. Inorganic chemistry. Synthesis and characterization of P₂N₃⁻: an aromatic ion composed of phosphorus and nitrogen. Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1001–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parens E, Johnston J, Moses J. Ethics. Do we need “synthetic bioethics”? Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1449.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zheng J, Kwak K, Asbury J, Chen X, Piletic IR, Fayer MD. Ultrafast dynamics of solute-solvent complexation observed at thermal equilibrium in real time. Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1338–43.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prutchi D, Norris M. Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Rizzo S, Patelli F, Chow DR, editors. Vitreo-retinal Surgery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. XVIII, 234 p. 50 illus., 31 illus. in color. (Essentials in Ophthalmology).

A chapter in an edited book

Hartline J, Sharp A. An Incremental Model for Combinatorial Maximization Problems. In: Àlvarez C, Serna M, editors. Experimental Algorithms: 5th International Workshop, WEA 2006, Cala Galdana, Menorca, Spain, May 24-27, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 36–48. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association.

Blog post

Fang J. Catsharks Glow Brighter The Deeper They Go [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/catsharks-glow-brighter-deeper-they-go/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Better Information about Airline-Imposed Fees and the Refundability of Government-Imposed Taxes and Fees Could Benefit Consumers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Jul. Report No.: GAO-10-885T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Minger L. Examining Education Leadership Communication Practices around Basic and Advanced Skill Sets: A Multiple Case Study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Debates; Clinton Aides Try to Pressure Bush on Format. New York Times. 1992 Sep 14;A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
Abbreviation	J. Egypt. Public Health Assoc.
ISSN (print)	0013-2446
ISSN (online)	2090-262X
Scope