How to format your references using the Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (JARO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pauluis OM (2015) Atmospheric science. The global engine that could. Science 347:475–476

A journal article with 2 authors

Chapman A, Wyndham J (2013) Human rights. A human right to science. Science 340:1291

A journal article with 3 authors

Tucker WC, Weber T, Chapman ER (2004) Reconstitution of Ca2+-regulated membrane fusion by synaptotagmin and SNAREs. Science 304:435–438

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ni X, Wu Y, Chen Z-G, et al (2014) Acoustic rainbow trapping by coiling up space. Sci Rep 4:7038

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simpkins AM, Simpkins CA (2010) Meditation and Yoga in Psychotherapy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bhojwani SS (2013) Plant Tissue Culture: An Introductory Text. Springer India, New Delhi

A chapter in an edited book

Marín-Arroyo AB (2013) New Opportunities for Previously Excavated Sites: Paleoeconomy as a Human Evolutionary Indicator at Tabun Cave (Israel). In: Clark JL, Speth JD (eds) Zooarchaeology and Modern Human Origins: Human Hunting Behavior during the Later Pleistocene. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 59–75

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Clouds On Venus Could Tell Us What The Surface Looks Like. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/clouds-on-venus-could-tell-us-what-the-surface-looks-like/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Provision of Charitable Assistance. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lucky-Medford L (2010) A gendered approach to synaesthesia using the poetry of John Keats and Emily Dickinson. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M (2017) ‘Dear Evan Hansen’ and ‘Oslo’ Top Tonys. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pauluis 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chapman and Wyndham 2013; Pauluis 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chapman and Wyndham 2013)
Three or more authors: (Ni et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
Abbreviation	J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	1525-3961
ISSN (online)	1438-7573
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Sensory Systems