How to format your references using the Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (JARO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alon U (2007) Simplicity in biology. Nature 446:497

A journal article with 2 authors

Clement A, DiNezio P (2014) Climate change. The tropical Pacific Ocean--back in the driver’s seat? Science 343:976–978

A journal article with 3 authors

LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521:436–444

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gao M, Nettles RE, Belema M, et al (2010) Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect. Nature 465:96–100

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous A (2011) Applied Metrology for Manufacturing Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Flüeler T (ed) (2006) Decision Making for Complex Socio-Technical Systems: Robustness from Lessons Learned in Long-term Radioactive Waste Governance. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Wiersinga WM (2015) Smoking and Prevention of Thyroid Eye Disease. In: Douglas RS, McCoy AN, Gupta S (eds) Thyroid Eye Disease. Springer, New York, NY, pp 39–51

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) Tick-Induced Meat Allergy Reportedly On The Rise. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/tick-induced-meat-allergy-reportedly-on-the-rise/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1996) Department of Education: Status of Actions to Improve the Management of Student Financial Aid. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meaux B (2015) Effect of Formation Deformation on Casing Standoff in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017) Müller Climbs the Rankings at an Age When Others Retire. New York Times B11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Alon 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Alon 2007; Clement and DiNezio 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clement and DiNezio 2014)
Three or more authors: (Gao et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
Abbreviation	J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	1525-3961
ISSN (online)	1438-7573
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Sensory Systems