How to format your references using the Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (JARO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott A (2003) Danish biotech centre faces axe. Nature 422:105

A journal article with 2 authors

Penner-Hahn JE, Yocum CF (2005) Biochemistry. The photosynthesis “oxygen clock” gets a new number. Science 310:982–983

A journal article with 3 authors

Khashan SA, Alazzam A, Furlani EP (2014) Computational analysis of enhanced magnetic bioseparation in microfluidic systems with flow-invasive magnetic elements. Sci Rep 4:5299

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang K, Zhao J, Cheng Q, et al (2014) Broadband and broad-angle low-scattering metasurface based on hybrid optimization algorithm. Sci Rep 4:5935

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (1994) Tools for Making Acute Risk Decisions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Goralski G (2010) Foundation Flash Catalyst. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Conder K (2007) Site-Selective Oxygen-Isotope Exchange in YBa2Cu3O7−x. In: Bussmann-Holder A, Keller H (eds) High Tc Superconductors and Related Transition Metal Oxides: Special Contributions in Honor of K. Alex Müller on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 75–84

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Spotting The Solos In The Cosmic Choir Of Black Holes. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Geostationary Weather Satellites: Design Progress Made, but Schedule Uncertainty Needs to be Addressed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blandin NM (2008) Re-conceptualizing leadership for an era of complexity and uncertainty: A case study of leadership in a complex adaptive system. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved J (2017) Browsing for Denim. Or a Toothbrush. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott 2003; Penner-Hahn and Yocum 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Penner-Hahn and Yocum 2005)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
Abbreviation	J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	1525-3961
ISSN (online)	1438-7573
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Sensory Systems