How to format your references using the Journal of Structural Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Structural Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lewis, J. 2008. “From signals to patterns: space, time, and mathematics in developmental biology.” Science, 322 (5900): 399–403.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weygand-Durasevic, I., and M. Ibba. 2010. “Cell biology. New roles for codon usage.” Science, 329 (5998): 1473–1474.

A journal article with 3 authors

Torre, R., P. Bartolini, and R. Righini. 2004. “Structural relaxation in supercooled water by time-resolved spectroscopy.” Nature, 428 (6980): 296–299.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gerber, L. R., L. Morissette, K. Kaschner, and D. Pauly. 2009. “Ecology. Should whales be culled to increase fishery yield?” Science, 323 (5916): 880–881.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopp, V. 2000. Grundlagen der Life Sciences. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Miri, S. J., R. Lake, and T. M. Kress (Eds.). 2014. Reclaiming the Sane Society: Essays on Erich Fromm’s Thought. Imagination and Praxis, Criticality and Creativity in Education and Educational Research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Horita, M., H. Koizumi, R. Manabe, K. Sugisaki, and D. Nagayama. 2009. “Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Urban Regeneration.” Innovations in Collaborative Urban Regeneration, cSUR-UT Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration, M. Horita and H. Koizumi, eds., 43–51. Tokyo: Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Structural Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. “Brain Abnormalities Discovered in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.” IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-abnormalities-discovered-patients-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2008. Transportation Security: Transportation Security Administration Has Strengthened Planning to Guide Investments in Key Aviation and Surface Transportation Security Programs, but More Work Remains. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Amodeo, G. A. 2009. “Structural and biochemical characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMPK homolog SNF1.” Doctoral dissertation. New York, NY: Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. 2007. “Nation’s ‘First Suburb’ Aims to Be Most ‘Green.’” New York Times, December 16, 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lewis 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Lewis 2008; Weygand-Durasevic and Ibba 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weygand-Durasevic and Ibba 2010)
Three or more authors: (Gerber et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Structural Engineering
Abbreviation	J. Struct. Eng. (N. Y.)
ISSN (print)	0733-9445
ISSN (online)	1943-541X
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Building and Construction General Materials Science