How to format your references using the Journal of Rural Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rural Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reich, P.B., 2010. Climate Change. The carbon dioxide exchange. Science 329, 774–775.

A journal article with 2 authors

van der Marel, D., Sawatzky, G.A., 2014. Physics. An optical twist for triplet superconductors. Science 345, 138–139.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dankert, A., Dulal, R.S., Dash, S.P., 2013. Efficient spin injection into silicon and the role of the Schottky barrier. Sci. Rep. 3, 3196.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Weiss, B.P., Berdahl, J.S., Elkins-Tanton, L., Stanley, S., Lima, E.A., Carporzen, L., 2008. Magnetism on the angrite parent body and the early differentiation of planetesimals. Science 322, 713–716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Higgs, J., Titchen, A., 2008. Professional Practice in Health, Education and the Creative Arts. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Fikentscher, W., 2013. FairEconomy: Crises, Culture, Competition and the Role of Law, MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Konow, J., Schwettmann, L., 2016. The Economics of Justice, in: Sabbagh, C., Schmitt, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Justice Theory and Research. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 83–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rural Studies.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017. 20,000 Volts Of Electrical Energy Plus A Watermelon Creates A Wonderful Bang [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/20000-volts-of-electrical-energy-plus-a-watermelon-creates-a-wonderful-bang/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Use of Civilian Agencies’ Aircraft for Passenger Transportation (No. T-GGD-88-52). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tom, D.M., 2012. Impact on achievement with ST math after school instruction (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wines, M., 2014. A Racial Divide Remains Over Views of Justice. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reich, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Reich, 2010; van der Marel and Sawatzky, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (van der Marel and Sawatzky, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Weiss et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rural Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rural Stud.
ISSN (print)	0743-0167
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science

Research and Writing Guides