How to format your references using the Journal of Rural Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rural Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tyler, R.H., 2008. Strong ocean tidal flow and heating on moons of the outer planets. Nature 456, 770–772.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li, W., Chetelat, R.T., 2010. A pollen factor linking inter- and intraspecific pollen rejection in tomato. Science 330, 1827–1830.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smith, C.E., Llorente, B., Symington, L.S., 2007. Template switching during break-induced replication. Nature 447, 102–105.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, D., Yang, J., Bao, S., Wu, Q., Wang, Q., 2013. Semiconductor nanoparticle-based hydrogels prepared via self-initiated polymerization under sunlight, even visible light. Sci. Rep. 3, 1399.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chakrabarty, P., 2012. A Guide to Academia. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Chakravarty, S., Negi, R. (Eds.), 2016. Space, Planning and Everyday Contestations in Delhi, Exploring Urban Change in South Asia. Springer India, New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Svinin, M., Goncharenko, I., 2011. Models of and Experiments with Reaching Tasks in Haptic Virtual Environments, in: Cooper, E.W., Kryssanov, V.V., Ogawa, H., Brewster, S. (Eds.), Haptic and Audio Interaction Design: 6th International Workshop, HAID 2011, Kusatsu, Japan, August 25-26, 2011. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 32–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rural Studies.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. A Sprinkling Of Rain Set Off These Puffball Fungi In Wisconsin [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-sprinkling-of-rain-set-off-these-puffball-fungi-in-wisconsin/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2011. Federal Chief Information Officers: Opportunities Exist to Improve Role in Information Technology Management (No. GAO-11-634). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aslanyan, A.L., 2014. Psycho-educational group for family members of adults with a mental health diagnosis: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Woolfe, Z., Tommasini, A., Allen, D., Oestreich, J.R., 2016. Beautiful Music to Their Ears. New York Times C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tyler, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Li and Chetelat, 2010; Tyler, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li and Chetelat, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rural Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rural Stud.
ISSN (print)	0743-0167
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science