How to format your references using the Journal of Rural Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rural Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dragert, H., 2007. Geophysics. Mediating plate convergence. Science 315, 471–472.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tilman, D., Isbell, F., 2015. Biodiversity: Recovery as nitrogen declines. Nature 528, 336–337.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zeyl, C., Vanderford, T., Carter, M., 2003. An evolutionary advantage of haploidy in large yeast populations. Science 299, 555–558.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schlaggar, B.L., Brown, T.T., Lugar, H.M., Visscher, K.M., Miezin, F.M., Petersen, S.E., 2002. Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words. Science 296, 1476–1479.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shore, S.N., 2005. The Tapestry of Modern Astrophysics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Zhang, X., Zhong, S., Pan, Z., Wong, K., Yun, R. (Eds.), 2010. Entertainment for Education. Digital Techniques and Systems: 5th International Conference on E-learning and Games, Edutainment 2010, Changchun, China, August 16-18, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Goñi, N., Arregui, I., Lezama, A., Arrizabalaga, H., Moreno, G., 2009. Small Scale Vertical Behaviour of Juvenile Albacore in Relation to Their Biotic Environment in the Bay of Biscay, in: Nielsen, J.L., Arrizabalaga, H., Fragoso, N., Hobday, A., Lutcavage, M., Sibert, J. (Eds.), Tagging and Tracking of Marine Animals with Electronic Devices, Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 51–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rural Studies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. Interstellar Round Trip Could Return Samples From Earth-Like Exoplanet In 300 Years [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/interstellar-round-trip-could-return-samples-from-earthlike-exoplanet-in-300-years/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1977. Indian Education in the Public School System Needs More Direction from the Congress (No. HRD-76-172). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gandarilla, A.H., 2009. Family preservation: A content analysis of literature (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., 2017. Gallery of Horrors. New York Times BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dragert, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Dragert, 2007; Tilman and Isbell, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tilman and Isbell, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Schlaggar et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rural Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rural Stud.
ISSN (print)	0743-0167
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science