How to format your references using the Journal of Rural Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rural Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baylis, F., 2010. Pregnant women deserve better. Nature 465, 689–690.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bowman, J.D., Rogers, A.E.E., 2010. A lower limit of Δz > 0.06 for the duration of the reionization epoch. Nature 468, 796–798.

A journal article with 3 authors

Iyengar, V.K., Reeve, H.K., Eisner, T., 2002. Paternal inheritance of a female moth’s mating preference. Nature 419, 830–832.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Poremba, A., Saunders, R.C., Crane, A.M., Cook, M., Sokoloff, L., Mishkin, M., 2003. Functional mapping of the primate auditory system. Science 299, 568–572.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eales, L.-J., 2005. Immunology for Life Scientists. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Adler, D.G. (Ed.), 2016. Advanced Pancreaticobiliary Endoscopy. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Goto, K., 2007. Differentiation and identification of Alicyclobacillus species, in: Yokota, A., Fujii, T., Goto, K. (Eds.), Alicyclobacillus: Thermophilic Acidophilic Bacilli. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 79–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rural Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Spiders Disguise Themselves as Ants to Hide and Hunt Their Prey [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/spiders-disguise-themselves-ants-hide-and-hunt-their-prey/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1970. Possible Irregularities in the Operation of a Former Neighborhood Youth Corps Project (No. B-130515). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cannon, J.R., 2012. Microwave-supported acid hydrolysis for proteomics (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR, N., 2016. Russia, Jailer of Local Separatists, Hosts Foreign Ones. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baylis, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Baylis, 2010; Bowman and Rogers, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bowman and Rogers, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Poremba et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rural Studies
Abbreviation	J. Rural Stud.
ISSN (print)	0743-0167
Scope	Development Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science