How to format your references using the Journal of Risk Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Risk Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pace, Norman R. 2006. “Time for a Change.” Nature 441 (7091): 289.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stone, Richard, and Marc Lavine. 2014. “Robots. The Social Life of Robots. Introduction.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 346 (6206): 178–179.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fotso, H., K. Mikelsons, and J. K. Freericks. 2014. “Thermalization of Field Driven Quantum Systems.” Scientific Reports 4 (April): 4699.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Dommett, Eleanor, Véronique Coizet, Charles D. Blaha, John Martindale, Véronique Lefebvre, Natalie Walton, John E. W. Mayhew, Paul G. Overton, and Peter Redgrave. 2005. “How Visual Stimuli Activate Dopaminergic Neurons at Short Latency.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 307 (5714): 1476–1479.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hanzo, Lajos, Robert G. Maunder, Jin Wang, and Lie-Liang Yang. 2010. Near-Capacity Variable-Length Coding. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gersen, Steven L., and Martha B. Keagle, eds. 2013. The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics. 3rd ed. 2013. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Brown, Donald W., David V. Duchane, Grant Heiken, and Vivi Thomas Hriscu. 2012. “Planning and Drilling of the Phase II Boreholes.” In Mining the Earth’s Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy, edited by David V. Duchane, Grant Heiken, and Vivi Thomas Hriscu, 237–312. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Risk Research.

Blog post

Taub, Ben. 2016. “California Legislature Votes To Fund Country’s First Gun Violence Research Unit.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/california-legislature-votes-to-fund-countrys-first-gun-violence-research-unit/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1983. Query Regarding Department of Education Regulations. B-210733. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clark, Sarah. 2014. “Psychological Resilience, Daily Stressors, and Implications for Physical Activity Levels in Mothers with Young Children.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gurley, George. 2015. “A Gift for Cutting Tresses and Gaining Trust.” New York Times, December 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pace 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Pace 2006; Stone and Lavine 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stone and Lavine 2014)
Three authors: (Fotso, Mikelsons, and Freericks 2014)
4 or more authors: (Dommett et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Risk Research
Abbreviation	J. Risk Res.
ISSN (print)	1366-9877
ISSN (online)	1466-4461
Scope	Strategy and Management General Engineering Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality General Social Sciences