How to format your references using the Journal of Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rheumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Joppa LN. Journal club. An ecologist calls for a citizen-science “Wiki.” Nature 2009;459:619.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abbott MB, Wolfe AP. Intensive pre-Incan metallurgy recorded by lake sediments from the Bolivian Andes. Science 2003;301:1893-5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cerda E, Ravi-Chandar K, Mahadevan L. Thin films. Wrinkling of an elastic sheet under tension. Nature 2002;419:579-80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chiu JC, Kaub K, Zou S, Liedo P, Altamirano-Robles L, Ingram D, et al. Deleterious effect of suboptimal diet on rest-activity cycle in Anastrepha ludens manifests itself with age. Sci Rep 2013;3:1773.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ribéreau-Gayon P, Dubourdieu D, Donèche B, Lonvaud A. Handbook of Enology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Stollkleemann S, Welp M, editors. Stakeholder Dialogues in Natural Resources Management: Theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. XXVIII, 386 p. 20 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Westphal M, Emami P. Pineal Lesions: A Multidisciplinary Challenge. In: Schramm J, editor. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery: Volume 42 Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 79-102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rheumatology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Rare Antibody Found To Neutralize 98% Of All HIV Strains [Internet]. IFLScience IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/rare-antibody-neutralize-98-hiv-strains/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Public Assistance: PARIS Project Can Help States Reduce Improper Benefit Payments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Sep. Report No.: GAO-01-935.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Murray E. California community college athletic directors lived experience and perceptions about financing issues with athletic programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M, Walsh MW. Unions Fight Scranton Mayor After He Cuts Pay to Minimum Wage. New York Times 2012;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rheumatology
Abbreviation	J. Rheumatol.
ISSN (print)	0315-162X
ISSN (online)	1499-2752
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy Rheumatology