How to format your references using the Journal of Rheumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rheumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bloom BR. On the particularity of pathogens. Nature 2000;406:760-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yin YW, Steitz TA. Structural basis for the transition from initiation to elongation transcription in T7 RNA polymerase. Science 2002;298:1387-95.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sanderson MJ, McMahon MM, Steel M. Terraces in phylogenetic tree space. Science 2011;333:448-50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen L, Jiao Z-H, Zheng L-S, et al. Structural insight into the autoinhibition mechanism of AMP-activated protein kinase. Nature 2009;459:1146-9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malpass DB. Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Boone CG, Fragkias M, editors. Urbanization and Sustainability: Linking Urban Ecology, Environmental Justice and Global Environmental Change. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013, XVI, 204 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Koski SE. How to Measure Animal Personality and Why Does It Matter? Integrating the Psychological and Biological Approaches to Animal Personality. In: Inoue-Murayama M, Kawamura S, Weiss A, editors. From Genes to Animal Behavior: Social Structures, Personalities, Communication by Color Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2011:115-36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rheumatology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Why We Mustn’t Assume Smoking And Drinking Only Leads To Certain Cancers [Internet]. IFLScience IFLScience; 2015 [Internet. Accessed October 30, 2018]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-we-musn-t-assume-smoking-and-drinking-only-leads-certain-cancers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Natural Gas: Factors Affecting Approval Times for Construction of Natural Gas Pipelines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Feb. Report No.: RCED-92-100.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parker DD. Uncovering Three Trumpet Works of Sofia Gubaidulina [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S. Front Porches and Easy Strolls. New York Times 2016;RE8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rheumatology
Abbreviation	J. Rheumatol.
ISSN (print)	0315-162X
ISSN (online)	1499-2752
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy Rheumatology