How to format your references using the Journal of Retailing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Retailing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dennis, Carina (2003), “Genomics: Compare and Contrast,” Nature, 426 (6968), 750–51.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frieda, Kirsten L. and Steven M. Block (2012), “Direct Observation of Cotranscriptional Folding in an Adenine Riboswitch,” Science (New York, N.Y.), 338 (6105), 397–400.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rau, A. V., J. A. Dunningham, and K. Burnett (2003), “Measurement-Induced Relative-Position Localization through Entanglement,” Science (New York, N.Y.), 301 (5636), 1081–84.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gao, Shengping, Donghua Chen, Qiwei Li, Jing Ye, Hui Jiang, Christian Amatore, and Xuemei Wang (2014), “Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer Cells and Tumors through Specific Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoclusters,” Scientific Reports, 4 (March), 4384.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shafer, Glenn and Vladimir Vovk (2005), Probability and Finance: It’s Only a Game!, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, Yogesh Chandra Bhatt, Amit Joshi, and Durgesh Kumar Mishra, eds. (2016), Proceedings of the International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2015, Volume 1, . Vol. 438, Singapore: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bächle, Sebastian and Theo Härder (2009), “The Real Performance Drivers behind XML Lock Protocols,” in Database and Expert Systems Applications: 20th International Conference, DEXA 2009, Linz, Austria, August 31 – September 4, 2009. Proceedings, Sourav S. Bhowmick, Josef Küng, and Roland Wagner, eds., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 38–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Retailing.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise (2015), “Bug Burgers, Anyone? Why We’re Opening The UK’s First Insect Restaurant,” IFLScience, IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bug-burgers-anyone-why-we-re-opening-uk-s-first-insect-restaurant/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000), “Cooperative Research: Results of U.S.-Industry Partnership to Develop a New Generation of Vehicles,” RCED-00-81, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alexander, Melissa (2009), “Reasoning Processes Used by Paramedics to Solve Clinical Problems,” doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Montague, James (2017), “A Storied Name in Soccer Faces an Uncertain Future,” New York Times, , April 4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dennis 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Dennis 2003; Frieda and Block 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Frieda and Block 2012)
Three authors: (Rau, Dunningham, and Burnett 2003)
4 or more authors: (Gao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Retailing
Abbreviation	J. Retail.
ISSN (print)	0022-4359
Scope	Marketing