How to format your references using the Journal of Rare Earths citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rare Earths. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marris E. Mothers of invention? Nature. 2006;442(7106):973.

A journal article with 2 authors

Häkkinen S, Rhines PB. Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s. Science. 2004;304(5670):555-559.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qin Z, Pugno NM, Buehler MJ. Mechanics of fragmentation of crocodile skin and other thin films. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4966.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wynn JG, Alemseged Z, Bobe R, Geraads D, Reed D, Roman DC. Geological and palaeontological context of a Pliocene juvenile hominin at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature. 2006;443(7109):332-336.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moore RG, Garland A. Cognitive Therapy for Chronic and Persistent Depression. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Cleophas TJ. Machine Learning in Medicine - Cookbook Two. Vol 49. (Zwinderman AH, ed.). Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Hutson JM. Abnormal Embryology in DSD. In: Hutson JM, Warne GL, Grover SR, eds. Disorders of Sex Development: An Integrated Approach to Management. Springer; 2012:41-52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rare Earths.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Hawaii Lava Tube Returns Days After Cliff Collapse. IFLScience. February 7, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/hawaii-lava-tube-returns-days-after-cliff-collapse/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Uncertainties and Challenges Face FAA’s Advanced Automated System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LaPoint JL. The Effects of Aviation -Based Error Management Training on Perioperative Safety Attitudes. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Just What the Candidate Ordered. New York Times. September 15, 2016:A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rare Earths
ISSN (print)	1002-0721
Scope