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How to format your references using the Journal of Rare Earths citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rare Earths. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Alberts B. The breakthroughs of 2012. Science. 2012;338(6114):1511.
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Belenky P, Collins JJ. Microbiology. Antioxidant strategies to tolerate antibiotics. Science. 2011;334(6058):915-916.
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Moore SD, McGinness KE, Sauer RT. Structural biology. A glimpse into tmRNA-mediated ribosome rescue. Science. 2003;300(5616):72-73.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
1.
Pebay-Peyroula E, Dahout-Gonzalez C, Kahn R, Trézéguet V, Lauquin GJM, Brandolin G. Structure of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in complex with carboxyatractyloside. Nature. 2003;426(6962):39-44.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Scheer J. Failed Bridges. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.
An edited book
1.
Bellomo N. Complex Systems and Society: Modeling and Simulation. (Ajmone Marsan G, Tosin A, eds.). Springer; 2013.
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Horak F. Antiallergic and Vasoactive Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis. In: Pawankar R, Holgate ST, Rosenwasser LJ, eds. Allergy Frontiers: Therapy and Prevention. Springer Japan; 2010:51-61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rare Earths.

Blog post
1.
Andrew E. Quantum Mechanics Just Got “Spookier.” IFLScience. August 30, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/quantum-mechanics-just-got-spookier/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Enhanced Requirements Can Improve Commuter Pilot Training. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Bhatnagar A. Buckling and Weight Optimization for Non-Coupled Antisymmetric Laminates. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Burghardt LF. An Animal Sanctuary Is Under Pressure to Move. New York Times. August 20, 2006:14CN6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference 1.
This sentence cites two references 1,2.
This sentence cites four references 1–4.

About the journal

Full journal titleJournal of Rare Earths
ISSN (print)1002-0721
Scope

Other styles