How to format your references using the Journal of Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rice M (2004) Physics. Superfluid helium-3 has a metallic partner. Science 306:1142–1143

A journal article with 2 authors

Johansson LC, Norberg RA (2003) Delta-wing function of webbed feet gives hydrodynamic lift for swimming propulsion in birds. Nature 424:65–68

A journal article with 3 authors

Stach S, Benard J, Giurfa M (2004) Local-feature assembling in visual pattern recognition and generalization in honeybees. Nature 429:758–761

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Calzada A, Sacristán M, Sánchez E, Bueno A (2001) Cdc6 cooperates with Sic1 and Hct1 to inactivate mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases. Nature 412:355–358

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Port M (2008) Beyond Booked Solid. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gebhart GF, Schmidt RF (2013) Encyclopedia of Pain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Spetich MA, Perry RW, Harper CA, Clark SL (2011) Fire in Eastern Hardwood Forests Through 14,000 Years. In: Greenberg C, Collins B, Thompson F III (eds) Sustaining Young Forest Communities: Ecology and Management of early successional habitats in the central hardwood region, USA. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 41–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Can You Decode This “Alien Message”? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astrophysicist-has-asked-internet-decode-alien-message/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Tax Systems Modernization: IRS Needs to Resolve Certain Issues With Its Integrated Case Processing System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Le JT (2013) Support group for women who experience perinatal loss: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S (2001) The “Roswell” Army Fights for Its Show on the Web. New York Times 232

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1948-7894
ISSN (online)	1948-7908
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging