How to format your references using the Journal of Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Segall P (2012) Geophysics. Understanding earthquakes. Science 336:676–677

A journal article with 2 authors

Li W, Walz JY (2014) Porous nanocomposites with integrated internal domains: application to separation membranes. Sci Rep 4:4418

A journal article with 3 authors

Greiner M, Regal CA, Jin DS (2003) Emergence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas. Nature 426:537–540

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Xie W-Z, Yan C, Ying X-Y, et al (2014) Domain-specific hedonic deficits towards social affective but not monetary incentives in social anhedonia. Sci Rep 4:4056

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mazzi B (2013) Treasury Finance and Development Banking. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Li W (2015) Contemporary Ecology Research in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Consoli S, Gangemi A, Nuzzolese AG, et al (2014) Setting the Course of Emergency Vehicle Routing Using Geolinked Open Data for the Municipality of Catania. In: Presutti V, Blomqvist E, Troncy R, et al (eds) The Semantic Web: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 42–53

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Six Things You Can Do With Coffee – After You’ve Finished Drinking It. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Major NIH Computer System: Poor Management Resulted in Unmet Scientists’ Needs and Wasted Millions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clark M (2011) How Charter School Teachers Act on Perceived Autonomy: A Qualitative Study of Curricular Decisions. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McFADDEN RD (2017) June Foray Is Dead at 99; Voiced Rocky and a Cast Of Animated Characters. New York Times A24

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	J. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1948-7894
ISSN (online)	1948-7908
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging