How to format your references using the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sharp T. Earth science. Bridgmanite--named at last. Science. 2014;346:1057–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sanderson WC, Scherbov S. Demography. Remeasuring aging. Science. 2010;329:1287–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Qiu XH, Nazin GV, Ho W. Vibrationally resolved fluorescence excited with submolecular precision. Science. 2003;299:542–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zauderer BA, Berger E, Soderberg AM, Loeb A, Narayan R, Frail DA, et al. Birth of a relativistic outflow in the unusual γ-ray transient Swift J164449.3+573451. Nature. 2011;476:425–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Olsson A. Understanding Changing Telecommunications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Abrutyn S, editor. Handbook of Contemporary Sociological Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Costa R, Gomes D. Centrifugation – Separating Cream from Milkcentrifugation - Separating Cream from Milk. In: Vieira M, Ho P, editors. Experiments in Unit Operations and Processing of Foods. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2008. p. 35–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Animals Were Building Reefs 550 Million Years Ago [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/animals-were-building-reefs-550-million-years-ago/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Motor Carrier Safety: Commercial Vehicle Registration Program Has Kept Unsafe Carriers from Operating, but Effectiveness Is Difficult to Measure. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 May. Report No.: GAO-09-495.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Chavez JA. Principal stress analysis of rock fracture data from the Long Beach oil field, Los Angeles basin, California [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Alexander K. A Squeeze Box Philharmonic. New York Times. 2003 Jun 15;227.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Abbreviation	J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities
ISSN (print)	2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Health(social science) Sociology and Political Science Anthropology