How to format your references using the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rubin EM. Genomics of cellulosic biofuels. Nature. 2008;454:841–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brown JW, Braver TS. Learned predictions of error likelihood in the anterior cingulate cortex. Science. 2005;307:1118–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Abou Chakra M, Hilbe C, Traulsen A. Plastic behaviors in hosts promote the emergence of retaliatory parasites. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4251.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ma T, Kapustin EA, Yin SX, Liang L, Zhou Z, Niu J, et al. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction structures of covalent organic frameworks. Science. 2018;361:48–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Radwanska M, Stankiewicz A, Wosatko A, Pamin J. Plate and Shell Structures. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Zhang L. Time-Dependent Switched Discrete-Time Linear Systems: Control and Filtering. 1st ed. 2016. Zhu Y, Shi P, Lu Q, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Coventry BJ, Walsh J. Amputation Surgery. In: Coventry BJ, editor. Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular, Renal and Transplant Surgery. London: Springer; 2014. p. 73–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. A Secret Chinese Experiment Just Arrived At The International Space Station [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-secret-chinese-experiment-just-arrived-at-the-international-space-station/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Award of an Army Advanced Development Contract in 1971 to the Boeing Company Calling for the Design Fabrication and Testing of Certain Critical Advanced Technology Components. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Dec. Report No.: B-176701.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. McCarty A. Measuring the impact of training in the implementation of project management information systems [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Chapman MM, Vlasic B. Strong Domestic Sales Help Lift Chrysler’s Results. New York Times. 2012 Jul 31;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Abbreviation	J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities
ISSN (print)	2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
Scope	Health Policy Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Health(social science) Sociology and Political Science Anthropology