How to format your references using the Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clutton-Brock T (2002) Breeding together: kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates. Science 296:69–72

A journal article with 2 authors

Sijen T, Plasterk RHA (2003) Transposon silencing in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line by natural RNAi. Nature 426:310–314

A journal article with 3 authors

Peumans P, Uchida S, Forrest SR (2003) Efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells using small-molecular-weight organic thin films. Nature 425:158–162

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang X, Fu W, Palivan CG, Meier W (2013) Natural channel protein inserts and functions in a completely artificial, solid-supported bilayer membrane. Sci Rep 3:2196

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim RA (2017) Handbook of Structural Life Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Ferretti M (2015) The Creation of Local Innovation Systems in Emerging Countries: The Role of Governments, Firms and Universities. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Miller RP, Penn JW, van Leeuwen J (2006) Amazonian homegardens: Their ethnohistory and potential contribution to agroforestry development. In: Kumar BM, Nair PKR (eds) Tropical Homegardens: A Time-Tested Example of Sustainable Agroforestry. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 43–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Ancient Mini-Monster Head Mystery Solved – Here’s How We Did It. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-mini-monster-head-mystery-solved-here-s-how-we-did-it/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Medicare Transaction System: Strengthened Management and Sound Development Approach Critical to Success. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jordan EA (2010) The semiconductor industry and emerging technologies: A study using a modified Delphi method. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr, Mueller B, Schweber N (2015) Second Chances Kept Coming for Suspect in Officer’s Death. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clutton-Brock 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Clutton-Brock 2002; Sijen and Plasterk 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sijen and Plasterk 2003)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
Abbreviation	Bull. Earthquake Eng.
ISSN (print)	1570-761X
ISSN (online)	1573-1456
Scope	Geophysics Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Civil and Structural Engineering Building and Construction

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