How to format your references using the Journal of Productivity Analysis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Productivity Analysis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heymann DL (2014) Ebola: learn from the past. Nature 514:299–300

A journal article with 2 authors

Cascales E, Christie PJ (2004) Definition of a bacterial type IV secretion pathway for a DNA substrate. Science 304:1170–1173

A journal article with 3 authors

Snyder SA, Gollner A, Chiriac MI (2011) Regioselective reactions for programmable resveratrol oligomer synthesis. Nature 474:461–466

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Pierce-Shimomura JT, Faumont S, Gaston MR, et al (2001) The homeobox gene lim-6 is required for distinct chemosensory representations in C. elegans. Nature 410:694–698

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Popkin JD (2011) A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Wei D (ed) (2015) Settlements of Trade Disputes between China and Latin American Countries. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Caubergh M, Roussarie R (2016) Canard Cycles with Three Breaking Mechanisms. In: Toni B (ed) Mathematical Sciences with Multidisciplinary Applications: In Honor of Professor Christiane Rousseau. And In Recognition of the Mathematics for Planet Earth Initiative. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 61–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Productivity Analysis.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Orangutans Can Guess How Things Taste Before They’ve Even Tried Them. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/orangutans-guess-things-taste-before-tried-them/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Motor Carrier Safety: Preliminary Information on the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s Efforts to Identify and Follow Up with High-risk Carriers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lavin EE (2015) Discourse in monolingual and bilingual non-trial hearings. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF (2005) With Emphasis on Safety, Playgrounds Aren’t for All. New York Times 14LI1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heymann 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Cascales and Christie 2004; Heymann 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cascales and Christie 2004)
Three or more authors: (Pierce-Shimomura et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Productivity Analysis
Abbreviation	J. Prod. Anal.
ISSN (print)	0895-562X
ISSN (online)	1573-0441
Scope	Business and International Management Economics and Econometrics Social Sciences (miscellaneous)