How to format your references using the Journal of Postcolonial Writing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Postcolonial Writing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gewin, Virginia. 2004. “Taking a Risk in Start-Ups.” Nature 429 (6990): 484–485.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roberts, Gilbert, and Thomas N. Sherratt. 2002. “Behaviorial Evolution: Does Similarity Breed Cooperation?” Nature 418 (6897): 499–500; discussion 500.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cubitt, Toby S., David Perez-Garcia, and Michael M. Wolf. 2015. “Undecidability of the Spectral Gap.” Nature 528 (7581): 207–211.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Launay, Pierre, Henrique Cheng, Subhashini Srivatsan, Reinhold Penner, Andrea Fleig, and Jean-Pierre Kinet. 2004. “TRPM4 Regulates Calcium Oscillations after T Cell Activation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5700): 1374–1377.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. 2010. A Practical Approach to Hazard Identification for Operations and Maintenance Workers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Mario, Hirz. 2013. Integrated Computer-Aided Design in Automotive Development: Development Processes, Geometric Fundamentals, Methods of CAD, Knowledge-Based Engineering Data Management. Edited by Wilhelm Dietrich, Anton Gfrerrer, and Johann Lang. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Edward, Shakuntala Gupta, and Navin Sabharwal. 2015. “MongoDB - Installation and Configuration.” In Practical MongoDB: Architecting, Developing, and Administering MongoDB, edited by Navin Sabharwal, 35–52. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Postcolonial Writing.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2017. “New Zealand Parrot Found To Display Contagious ‘Laughter.’” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-zealand-parrot-found-to-display-contagious-laughter/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Commercial Aviation: Preliminary Observations on Legacy Airlines’ Financial Condition, Bankruptcy, and Pension Issues. GAO-05-835T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, Benjamin. 2013. “Analysis of Hydraulic and Financial Operations of a Recycled Water System: A Case Study of the Orange County Water District’s Green Acres Project.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, Mary J. O. 2015. “Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times.” New York Times, June 12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gewin 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Gewin 2004; Roberts and Sherratt 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roberts and Sherratt 2002)
Three authors: (Cubitt, Perez-Garcia, and Wolf 2015)
4 or more authors: (Launay et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Postcolonial Writing
ISSN (print)	1744-9855
ISSN (online)	1744-9863
Scope	Literature and Literary Theory