How to format your references using the Journal of Population Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paige, D. A. (2005). Ancient Mars: wet in many places. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5715), 1575–1576.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beninger, R. J., & Quinsey, V. L. (2006). Animal behaviour: chimpanzee choice and prosociality. Nature, 440(7085), E6; discussion E6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reynolds, A. M., Leprêtre, L., & Bohan, D. A. (2013). Movement patterns of Tenebrio beetles demonstrate empirically that correlated-random-walks have similitude with a Lévy walk. Scientific reports, 3, 3158.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lian, J., Yu, L., Liang, J.-Q., Chen, G., & Jia, S. (2013). Orbit-induced spin squeezing in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate. Scientific reports, 3, 3166.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good, P. I. (2013). Introduction to Statistics Through Resampling Methods and R. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tseng, C. C. (2013). Learning Basic Genetics with Interactive Computer Programs. (X. Yang, Ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Stückler, J., Droeschel, D., Gräve, K., Holz, D., Kläß, J., Schreiber, M., et al. (2012). Towards Robust Mobility, Flexible Object Manipulation, and Intuitive Multimodal Interaction for Domestic Service Robots. In T. Röfer, N. M. Mayer, J. Savage, & U. Saranlı (Eds.), RoboCup 2011: Robot Soccer World Cup XV (pp. 51–62). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Ageing.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, September 4). World First Photograph Shows Bird Flying With Egg Bump. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bird-baby-board/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Tax Policy: Refund Offset Program Benefits Appear to Exceed Costs (No. GGD-91-64). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shelby, K. R. (2013). Systems Engineering Knowledge Asset (SEKA) Management for Higher Performing Engineering Teams: People, Process and Technology toward Effective Knowledge-Workers (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. (2017, October 5). With the Security Team At a Las Vegas Casino. New York Times, p. A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Paige 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Beninger and Quinsey 2006; Paige 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Beninger and Quinsey 2006)
Three or more authors: (Lian et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Ageing
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Ageing
ISSN (print)	1874-7884
ISSN (online)	1874-7876
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science Demography