How to format your references using the Journal of Physical Therapy Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Physical Therapy Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

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Macilwain C: World view: ERA of austerity. Nature, 2010, 466: 314.

A journal article with 2 authors

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Watanabe M, Kondo S: Fish pigmentation. Comment on “Local reorganization of xanthophores fine-tunes and colors the striped pattern of zebrafish.” Science, 2015, 348: 297.

A journal article with 3 authors

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Tomonaga M, Uwano Y, Saito T: How dolphins see the world: a comparison with chimpanzees and humans. Sci Rep, 2014, 4: 3717.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

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Wohlschlegel JA, Dwyer BT, Dhar SK, et al.: Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA replication by geminin binding to Cdt1. Science, 2000, 290: 2309–2312.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

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Kukushkin A: Radio Wave Propagation in the Marine Boundary Layer, Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004.

An edited book

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Software Process Improvement: 13th European Conference, EuroSPI 2006, Joensuu, Finland, October 11-13, 2006. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, p XII, 228 p.

A chapter in an edited book

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Chhieng DC, Stelow EB: Acinar Cell Carcinoma, Essentials in Cytopathology. In: Stelow EB (ed.)In: Pancreatic Cytopathology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007, p 75–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Physical Therapy Science.

Blog post

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Failed Mongol Armada Wreck Discovered off Japanese Coast. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/failed-mongol-armada-wreck-discovered-japanese-coast/ (Accessed Oct. 30, 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

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Government Accountability Office: Federal Information Systems Remain Highly Vulnerable to Fraudulent, Wasteful, Abusive, and Illegal Practices, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

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Fulton E: Differential effects of nicotine on prospective memory, sustained attention, and working memory (Doctoral dissertation), Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

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Brantley B: Some Friends Just Aren’t Huggers. New York Times, 2017, C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^{1, 2)}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Physical Therapy Science
Abbreviation	J. Phys. Ther. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0915-5287
ISSN (online)	2187-5626
Scope	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation