How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miralda-Escudé J. The Dark Age of the universe. Science. 2003 Jun 20;300(5627):1904–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Insel TR, Cuthbert BN. Medicine. Brain disorders? Precisely. Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):499–500.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qi Y, Dolgushev M, Zhang Z. Dynamics of semiflexible recursive small-world polymer networks. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 19;4:7576.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hensel KO, Boland V, Postberg J, Zilbauer M, Heuschkel R, Vogel S, et al. Differential expression of mucosal trefoil factors and mucins in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 5;4:7343.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hellesland J, Challamel N, Casandjian C, Lanos C. Reinforced Concrete Beams, Columns and Frames. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Smagghe G, Diaz I, editors. Arthropod-Plant Interactions: Novel Insights and Approaches for IPM. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. XVI, 228 p. (Progress in Biological Control; vol. 14).

A chapter in an edited book

Ureña-Guerrero ME, Feria-Velasco AI, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Espuny AC, Beas-Zárate C. Modifications in the Seizures Susceptibility by Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage and Its Possible Relationship with the Pharmacoresistance. In: Rocha L, Cavalheiro EA, editors. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy: From Genes and Molecules to Promising Therapies. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 59–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. 12 Ways To Deal With A Climate Change Denier – The BBQ Guide [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/12-ways-deal-climate-change-denier-bbq-guide/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Distance Education: Improved Data on Program Costs and Guidelines on Quality Assessments Needed to Inform Federal Policy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Feb. Report No.: GAO-04-279.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Branch J. A Case Study of Perceptions and Experiences among African-American Males Regarding College Dropout Rates in a Community College [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir SM. For Family Reeling From Death in Times Square Crash, ‘Nothing Is Safe Anymore.’ New York Times. 2017 May 19;A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Pr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1445-937X
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacy

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