How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rensberger B. ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: The Nature of Evidence. Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):61.

A journal article with 2 authors

Donaldson ZR, Young LJ. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality. Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):900–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pereira HM, Borda-de-Água L, Martins IS. Geometry and scale in species-area relationships. Nature. 2012 Feb 22;482(7386):E3-4; author reply E5-6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Serafini M, Bugianesi R, Maiani G, Valtuena S, De Santis S, Crozier A. Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature. 2003 Aug 28;424(6952):1013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Qiu X, Ding C, Hu D. Bistatic SAR Data Processing Algorithms. Solaris South Tower, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.; 2013.

An edited book

Mahboob A, Barratt L, editors. Englishes in Multilingual Contexts: Language Variation and Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. X, 238 p. 36 illus. (Multilingual Education; vol. 10).

A chapter in an edited book

Cheli F, Diana G. Introduction to the Finite Element Method. In: Diana G, editor. Advanced Dynamics of Mechanical Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 311–412.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research.

Blog post

Taub B. Horses Ask People For Help When They’re Stuck. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FCC: Policies and Rules Concerning Children’s Television Programming--Revision of Programming Policies for Television Broadcast Stations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Sep. Report No.: OGC-96-37.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paulone S. Mergers and Acquisitions: Examining Managerial Strategy Connection to Post Transaction Accounting Measures [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. The Latest Word From Al Gore on Climate Change. New York Times. 2017 Jul 27;C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Pr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1445-937X
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacy