How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Apkarian VA. Chemistry. A pixellated window on chemistry in solids. Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1747–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sur M, Rubenstein JLR. Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):805–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Horsewill AJ, Jones NH, Caciuffo R. Evidence for coherent proton tunneling in a hydrogen bond network. Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):100–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

McWatters HG, Bastow RM, Hall A, Millar AJ. The ELF3 zeitnehmer regulates light signalling to the circadian clock. Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):716–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Darbyshire P, Hampton D. Hedge Fund Modelling and Analysis Using MATLAB ®. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Anderson RE, editor. World Suffering and Quality of Life. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. XXVII, 439 p. 28 illus., 11 illus. in color. (Social Indicators Research Series; vol. 56).

A chapter in an edited book

Sato S. Development of Coastal Urban Regions with Sustainable Topographical Environments. In: Hanaki K, editor. Urban Environmental Management and Technology. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2008. p. 67–87. (cSUR-UT Series: Library for Sustainable Urban Regeneration).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Extinct Megafauna Dug These Incredible Tunnels In Brazil [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/extinct-megafauna-dug-these-incredible-tunnels-in-brazil/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Vocational Education: Status in School Year 1990-91 and Early Signs of Change at Secondary Level. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Jul. Report No.: HRD-93-71.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Younis KM. The impact of moral values on ethical practices in environmental management [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Reservoir’s Sunken Fountain Is Rising From the Deep. New York Times. 2003 Jun 29;145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Pr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1445-937X
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacy