How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Storz G. An expanding universe of noncoding RNAs. Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1260–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zeller D, Booth S. Costs and benefits of regulating mercury. Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):777–9; author reply 777-9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schmidt WH, Houang R, Cogan LS. Education. Preparing future math teachers. Science. 2011 Jun 10;332(6035):1266–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Thiele A, Henning P, Kubischik M, Hoffmann KP. Neural mechanisms of saccadic suppression. Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2460–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim D. Microcontroller Based Applied Digital Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Rawal P. Develop on Yammer: Social Integration for Modern Business Applications. Rohilla P, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2015. XX, 322 p. 211 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Van Weert P, Sneyers J, Demoen B. Aggregates for CHR through Program Transformation. In: King A, editor. Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation: 17th International Symposium, LOPSTR 2007, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, August 23-24, 2007, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 59–73. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Data Suggests A Different Origin For The Biggest Galaxies In The Universe [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/data-suggests-a-different-origin-for-the-biggest-galaxies-in-the-universe/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Implementing Best Practices and Reform Initiatives Can Help Improve the Management of Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 May. Report No.: GAO-14-596T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Borgman GA. Loneliness and the Hermitic Psyche [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD. Kelly Delivers Fervent Defense Of Call to Widow. New York Times. 2017 Oct 19;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Pr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1445-937X
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacy