How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leroy A. Astrophysics: Glimpse into a primitive stellar nursery. Nature. 2015 Sep 10;525(7568):195–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Long JL, Chhetri DK. Tissue engineering. Restoring voice. Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):908–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wood ZA, Poole LB, Karplus PA. Peroxiredoxin evolution and the regulation of hydrogen peroxide signaling. Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):650–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Akopyants NS, Kimblin N, Secundino N, Patrick R, Peters N, Lawyer P, et al. Demonstration of genetic exchange during cyclical development of Leishmania in the sand fly vector. Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):265–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schroeder K, Thompson T, Frith K, Pencheon D. Sustainable Healthcare. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Darie C. Beginning ASP.NET 2.0 E-Commerce in C# 2005: From Novice to Professional. Watson K, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2006. XXII, 704 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Parry LJ, Vodstrcil LA. Relaxin Physiology in the Female Reproductive Tract during Pregnancy. In: Agoulnik AI, editor. Relaxin and Related Peptides. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. p. 34–48. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Astronomers Reveal Five Hidden “Monster Black Holes” [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-reveal-five-hidden-monster-black-holes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Temporary Emergency Impact Aid Provided Education Support for Displaced Students. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Sep. Report No.: GAO-11-839.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams VD. Leadership behavior practice patterns’ relationship to employee work engagement in a nonprofit that supports the homeless [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. With Trade Deadline Near, The Mets Joke and Lose. New York Times. 2017 Jul 30;SP4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
Abbreviation	J. Pharm. Pr. Res.
ISSN (print)	1445-937X
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacy