How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ellerbroek, B. (2014). Astronomical instrumentation: Atmospheric blurring has a new enemy. Nature, 512(7513), 144–145.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clark, P. U., & Mix, A. C. (2000). Ice sheets by volume. Nature, 406(6797), 689–690.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sørensen, T. L.-M., Møller, J. V., & Nissen, P. (2004). Phosphoryl transfer and calcium ion occlusion in the calcium pump. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5677), 1672–1675.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Goldberger, J., He, R., Zhang, Y., Lee, S., Yan, H., Choi, H.-J., & Yang, P. (2003). Single-crystal gallium nitride nanotubes. Nature, 422(6932), 599–602.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smed, J., & Hakonen, H. (2006). Algorithms and Networking for Computer Games. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hardiman, O., & Doherty, C. P. (Eds.). (2011). Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Clinical Guide. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Mulser, P., & Bauer, D. (2010). The Ponderomotive Force and Nonresonant Effects. In D. Bauer (Ed.), High Power Laser-Matter Interaction (pp. 193–227). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, March 18). Crystal with “Forbidden Symmetry” Found in 4.5-Billion-Year-Old Meteorite. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/crystal-forbidden-symmetry-found-45-billion-year-old-meteorite/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Tax Systems Modernization: Update on Critical Issues Facing IRS (T-IMTEC-92-18). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ho, L. (2012). Determination of Ibuprofen Isotherm Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Austen, B. (2016, December 10). Violence and Division on Chicago’s South Side. New York Times, SR5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ellerbroek, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Clark & Mix, 2000; Ellerbroek, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clark & Mix, 2000)
Three authors: (Sørensen et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Goldberger et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods
ISSN (print)	1056-8719
Scope	Pharmacology Toxicology

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