How to format your references using the International Journal of Electronic Commerce citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Electronic Commerce. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik, P. Baywatch: San Francisco. Nature, 427, 6975 (2004), 658–659.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Green, D.R.; and Kroemer, G. Cytoplasmic functions of the tumour suppressor p53. Nature, 458, 7242 (2009), 1127–1130.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hristov, T.S.; Miller, S.D.; and Friehe, C.A. Dynamical coupling of wind and ocean waves through wave-induced air flow. Nature, 422, 6927 (2003), 55–58.

A journal article with 15 or more authors

1. Huo, M.-X.; Nie, W.; Hutchinson, D.A.W.; and Kwek, L.C. A solenoidal synthetic field and the non-Abelian Aharonov-Bohm effects in neutral atoms. Scientific reports, 4, (2014), 5992.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kulkarni, S.; and Harman, G. An Elementary Introduction to Statistical Learning Theory: Kulkarni/Statistical Learning Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

1. Jeannot, E.; Namyst, R.; and Roman, J. (eds.). Euro-Par 2011 Parallel Processing: 17th International Conference, Euro-Par 2011, Bordeaux, France, August 29 - September 2, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Everett, L.L.; and Fuzaylov, G. Pediatric clinical challenges. In R.S. Twersky, B.K. Philip (eds). Handbook of Ambulatory AnesthesiaNew York, NY: Springer, 2008, pp. 96–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Electronic Commerce.

Blog post

1. Andrew, E. How Dogs Find Their Way Home (Without A GPS). IFLScience, (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Summer Feeding Program: How to Feed the Children and Stop Program Abuses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hasan, S.N. Design and optimization of 2012 Formula SAE chassis with finite element analysis for CSULB. (2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kenigsberg, B. Band Aid. New York Times, (2017), C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3; 4].
This sentence cites four references [3; 5; 7; 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Electronic Commerce
Abbreviation	Int. J. Electron. Commer.
ISSN (print)	1086-4415
Scope	Business and International Management Economics and Econometrics

Research and Writing Guides