How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Langenberg, H. (2002). Climate of care for a changing world. Nature, 417(6888), 4–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lancaster, M. A., & Knoblich, J. A. (2014). Organogenesis in a dish: modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6194), 1247125.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, I. A., Roberts, R. W., & Szostak, J. W. (2004). The emergence of competition between model protocells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5689), 1474–1476.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kitamura, H., Tsuneyuki, S., Ogitsu, T., & Miyake, T. (2000). Quantum distribution of protons in solid molecular hydrogen at megabar pressures. Nature, 404(6775), 259–262.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mashadi, B., & Crolla, D. (2012). Vehicle Powertrain Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Quirk, T. J. (2015). Excel 2010 for Environmental Sciences Statistics: A Guide to Solving Practical Problems (M. H. Quirk & H. F. Horton, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee, W. (2015). Structural Engineering of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) and Applications. In D. Losic & A. Santos (Eds.), Nanoporous Alumina: Fabrication, Structure, Properties and Applications (pp. 107–153). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016, October 12). Wingless Wasp Was The Platypus Of The Cretaceous. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wingless-wasp-was-the-platypus-of-the-cretaceous/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Health and Safety: Environmental Oversight of Classified Federal Research (T-RCED-96-99). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shamsai, M. (2006). Prefabricated Cage System for Reinforcing Concrete Members [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Protess, B., & Stevenson, A. (2016, November 14). S.E.C. Chief Among First to Plan Exit. New York Times, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Langenberg, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Lancaster & Knoblich, 2014; Langenberg, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lancaster & Knoblich, 2014)
Three authors: (Chen et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Kitamura et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods
ISSN (print)	1056-8719
Scope	Pharmacology Toxicology