How to format your references using the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McKinnon, W. B. (2012). Planetary science. The strangest terrestrial planet. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6078), 162–163.

A journal article with 2 authors

Doebeli, M., & Dieckmann, U. (2003). Speciation along environmental gradients. Nature, 421(6920), 259–264.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ramu, Y., Xu, Y., & Lu, Z. (2006). Enzymatic activation of voltage-gated potassium channels. Nature, 442(7103), 696–699.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Yao, Y., Lu, W. L., Xu, B., Li, C. B., Lin, C. P., Waxman, D., & Feng, J. F. (2013). The increase of the functional entropy of the human brain with age. Scientific Reports, 3, 2853.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marsh, N. (2014). Forensic Photography. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Miles, I. (2016). Foresight for Science, Technology and Innovation (O. Saritas & A. Sokolov, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Crowder, J. A., & Friess, S. (2015). Measuring Success in an Agile World: Agile EVMS. In S. Friess (Ed.), Agile Project Management: Managing for Success (pp. 49–63). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, February 28). WHO Releases Hit List Of 12 Bacteria That Pose Biggest Threat To Human Health. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/who-releases-hit-list-of-12-bacteria-that-pose-biggest-threat-to-human-health/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). Preparing, Documenting, and Referencing Lotus Spreadsheets (134610). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brecese, J. A. (2012). Out of Our Depth: Hyper-Extensionality and the Return of Three-Dimensional Media [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Liptak, A., & Shear, M. D. (2017, October 3). Top Court Puts Gerrymandering On Unclear Path. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McKinnon, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Doebeli & Dieckmann, 2003; McKinnon, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Doebeli & Dieckmann, 2003)
Three authors: (Ramu et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Yao et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
Abbreviation	J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods
ISSN (print)	1056-8719
Scope	Pharmacology Toxicology