How to format your references using the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (JPGN). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon D. When the chips are down. Nature 2003; 424:585.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kirchner JW, Weil A. Delayed biological recovery from extinctions throughout the fossil record. Nature 2000; 404:177–180.

A journal article with 3 authors

Choi W-Y, Giraldez AJ, Schier AF. Target protectors reveal dampening and balancing of Nodal agonist and antagonist by miR-430. Science 2007; 318:271–274.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cherian PT, Wu X, Maddox MM, et al. Chemical modulation of the biological activity of reutericyclin: a membrane-active antibiotic from Lactobacillus reuteri. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4721.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pavé A. Modeling Living Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Mittermeir RT, ed. Informatics Education – The Bridge between Using and Understanding Computers: International Conference in Informatics in Secondary Schools – Evolution and Perspectives, ISSEP 2006, Vilnius, Lithuania, November 7-11, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Villegas A, Olivé A, Sancho M-R. Understanding Constraint Expressions in Large Conceptual Schemas by Automatic Filtering. In: Atzeni P, Cheung D, Ram S, eds. Conceptual Modeling: 31st International Conference ER 2012, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012:50–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.

Blog post

Andrew E. According To Science, You’ve Probably Been Pooping Wrong Your Whole Life. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/western-pooping-bad-your-booty/. Published May 27, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Loans: Audits and Reviews of the Federal Family Education Loan and Federal Direct Loan Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gada KK. Numerical analyses of passive and active flow control over a micro air vehicle with an optimized airfoil. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Now It’s the Astros in Charge. New York Times 2017:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference ⁽¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^{(1, 2)}.
This sentence cites four references ^(1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
ISSN (print)	0277-2116
ISSN (online)	1536-4801
Scope