How to format your references using the Journal of Peace Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Peace Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Agrawal, Aneil F (2015) Evolutionary biology: Infection elevates diversity. Nature 525(7570): 464–465.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cao, Wenxiang & Enrique M De La Cruz (2013) Quantitative full time course analysis of nonlinear enzyme cycling kinetics. Scientific Reports 3: 2658.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bizzarro, Martin, Joel A Baker & Henning Haack (2004) Mg isotope evidence for contemporaneous formation of chondrules and refractory inclusions. Nature 431(7006): 275–278.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dang, Shangyu, Shengjie Feng, Jason Tien, Christian J Peters, David Bulkley, Marco Lolicato, Jianhua Zhao, Kathrin Zuberbühler, Wenlei Ye, Lijun Qi, Tingxu Chen, Charles S Craik, Yuh Nung Jan, Daniel L Minor Jr, Yifan Cheng & Lily Yeh Jan (2017) Cryo-EM structures of the TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel. Nature 552(7685): 426–429.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Möller, Gerd (2013) Geotechnik. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Adler, Robert A (ed.) (2010) Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, Xinran, Zhencheng Fan, Junchen Wang & Hongen Liao (2016) 3D Augmented Reality Based Orthopaedic Interventions. In: Guoyan Zheng & Shuo Li (eds) Computational Radiology for Orthopaedic Interventions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 71–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Peace Research.

Blog post

Fang, Janet (2015) In West Africa, Snakebites Are As Deadly As Other Neglected Tropical Diseases. IFLScience. IFLScience (https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/west-africa-snakebites-are-deadly-other-neglected-tropical-diseases/).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) ‘Spaces,’ ‘Faces,’ and ‘Bucks’: An Overview of the Role of Automated Information Systems in Managing the Enlisted Force. 127325. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fischer, Brian C (2017) Toward Understanding Resonant Volcanic Seismic Signals: Modelling Bubbly Flow in Magma. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon, Michael R & Ivan Nechepurenko (2017) U.S. Is Warned After It Downs Syrian Fighter. New York Times 19 June: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Agrawal, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Cao & De La Cruz, 2013; Agrawal, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cao & De La Cruz, 2013)
Three authors: (Bizzarro, Baker & Haack, 2004)
4 or more authors: (Dang et al., 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Peace Research
Abbreviation	J. Peace Res.
ISSN (print)	0022-3433
ISSN (online)	1460-3578
Scope	Safety Research Sociology and Political Science Political Science and International Relations