How to format your references using the Journal of Otology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Otology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Allen, R.M., 2012. Geophysics. Transforming earthquake detection? Science 335, 297–298.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, Y., Kalderon, D., 2001. Hedgehog acts as a somatic stem cell factor in the Drosophila ovary. Nature 410, 599–604.

A journal article with 3 authors

Melcák, I., Hoelz, A., Blobel, G., 2007. Structure of Nup58/45 suggests flexible nuclear pore diameter by intermolecular sliding. Science 315, 1729–1732.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Field, J., Shreeves, G., Sumner, S., Casiraghi, M., 2000. Insurance-based advantage to helpers in a tropical hover wasp. Nature 404, 869–871.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lewis, R.J., Sr., 2008. Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, Sixth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nguyen, N.T., Kowalczyk, R., Fred, A., Joaquim, F. (Eds.), 2014. Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XVII, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee, L.F., Sidhu, G.K., Chan, Y.F., 2015. A Sociocultural Perspective of Factors Influencing Academic Writing from School to Postsecondary Education, in: Tang, S.F., Logonnathan, L. (Eds.), Taylor’s 7th Teaching and Learning Conference 2014 Proceedings: Holistic Education: Enacting Change. Springer, Singapore, pp. 39–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Otology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Peanut The Turtle Still Alive And Saving The World’s Oceans [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/peanut-turtle-still-alive-and-saving-worlds-oceans/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Computer-Based Patient Records: Sound Planning and Project Management Are Needed to Achieve a Two-Way Exchange of VA and DOD Health Data (No. GAO-04-402T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGary, J., 2012. Gender and the poverty-conflict trap (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario, B., 2016. Beyoncé, With 9 Grammy Nods, Will Face Off Against Adele. New York Times C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Allen, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Allen, 2012; Zhang and Kalderon, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Kalderon, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Field et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Otology
Abbreviation	J. Otol.
ISSN (print)	1672-2930
Scope