How to format your references using the Journal of Otology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Otology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pennisi, E., 2013. Geography. Advancing seasons in China. Science 341, 482–483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Golder, S.A., Macy, M.W., 2011. Diurnal and seasonal mood vary with work, sleep, and daylength across diverse cultures. Science 333, 1878–1881.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xue, S., Calvin, K., Li, H., 2006. RNA recognition and cleavage by a splicing endonuclease. Science 312, 906–910.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fischer, T.P., Burnard, P., Marty, B., Hilton, D.R., Füri, E., Palhol, F., Sharp, Z.D., Mangasini, F., 2009. Upper-mantle volatile chemistry at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano and the origin of carbonatites. Nature 459, 77–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Godula-Jopek, A., Jehle, W., Wellnitz, J., 2012. Hydrogen Storage Technologies. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Davenport, J.H., Farmer, W.M., Urban, J., Rabe, F. (Eds.), 2011. Intelligent Computer Mathematics: 18th Symposium, Calculemus 2011, and 10th International Conference, MKM 2011, Bertinoro, Italy, July 18-23, 2011. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Miller, J.R., Adams, C.G., Weston, P.A., Schenker, J.H., 2015. Intersections of Movers with Traps, in: Adams, C.G., Weston, P.A., Schenker, J.H. (Eds.), Trapping of Small Organisms Moving Randomly: Principles and Applications to Pest Monitoring and Management, SpringerBriefs in Ecology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 25–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Otology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2016. A Potential New Dwarf Planet Has Been Found In The Solar System [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/potential-new-dwarf-planet-found-in-the-solar-system/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002. Distance Education: Growth in Distance Education Programs and Implications for Federal Education Policy (No. GAO-02-1125T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aggarwal, E., 2012. South Asian women’s attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B., 2017. Steelers Flex Muscle, on Ground and Through the Air. New York Times D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pennisi, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Golder and Macy, 2011; Pennisi, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Golder and Macy, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Fischer et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Otology
Abbreviation	J. Otol.
ISSN (print)	1672-2930
Scope